Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumMATERIAL AND METHODSThe following cultivars were included in the study:- The samples of the three spelt cultivars (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) Ekö 10,Ostro and Nirvana were collected from Hungary, Austria, and Serbia,respectively, in order to establish organic field trials.- The wheat cultivar Edevan (Triticum aestivum ssp.vulgare) for the organicproduction was selected in Austria.The samples of the three spelt cultivars were dehulled by passing the grain betweenrubber-coated rolls and aspiration to remove the hulls.Technology of plant growing procedure has been certified for organic production.The trials were harvested during technological ripening. Grain mycoflora was evaluatedfollowing the Petri dish test (11), and the determination of mycopopulations wasaccording to the method described by Barnett (5).The data were statistically evaluated by the analysis of variance using Statistica 8program.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe intensity of the appearance of certain species of fungi on the seed of the investigatedwheat varieties from the locality of organic certified area of Backa Topola are presentedin the Tables 1,2, and Picture 1. Comparing the level of seed infection of different wheatvarieties by certain moulds (Table 1), it can be noted that the absolute, thus also thehighest infection (100%) is present in all the three varieties of Triticum aestivum ssp.spelt with hull. Significantly lower is the infection of the very grain of these three speltvarieties after the performed process of dehulling, ranging from 27% in the varietyNirvana (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelt) to 32% in the remaining two spelt varieties. Thelowest level of the total infection that tells about its genetic resistance to fungi wasproved in the variety Edevan (Triticum aestivum ssp.vulgare) which has been recognizedin Austria and selected for growing in organic system of production in only 16%.Among causes of moulds during 2008/ 2009 vegetation period, the most present were thevarieties of Alternaria species. Unhulled samples of all the three varieties of Triticumaestivum ssp. spelt were 100% infected, which represents a highly significant differencein comparison to grain infection after spelt dehulling, ranging from 16% in the varietyNirvana to 13% in the variety Ostro. On the basis of these results, we can say that hull inspelt represents an advantage when we speak of grain protection from moulds infection.High intensity of seed infection of wheats by moulds of Alternaria species were alsoproved by the other authors (7,14). It is known that also the varieties of Alternariaspecies produce secondary metabolites which can prove harmful for hunans and animals(4). High level of infection of wheat grains by moulds from this species points at theneed for further investigation of toxicity of these varieties, as well as ecologicalprerequisites for forming of mycotoxins by Alternaria species.Vegetation season 2008/2009 is characterized by unfavourable conditions for normalwheat development. Cooler weather conditions at the beginning of June 2009, as well asexpected rains partially managed to alleviate the consequences of the longlasting springdrought. The quantity of precipitations for the whole territory of Serbia in June reached119
dehulledhulledFusarium spp.Alternaria spp.Mucor spp.Penicillium spp.1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposium128 mm, i.e. it is 60% higher than the many year level for this month ( 13 ). Plants thatare weakened due to unfavourable environmental conditions represent an adequatesubstrate for inhabiting of parasites of weakness, like the varieties of Alternaria species,so that can represent an explanation for high intensity of the appearance of this funguson the seed in the current year.Table 1. Mean values and standard deviations for percentage of diseased wheat grainMycopopulation(%)Wheat- cultivarsDiseasedgrain(%)Triticumaestivum ssp.spelta -NirvanaTriticumaestivum spp.spelta - OstroTriticumaestivumspp.spelta-Ekö10Triticumaestivum ssp.spelta -NirvanaTriticumaestivum ssp.spelta - OstroTriticumaestivum ssp.spelta -Ekö 10Triticumaestivumssp.vulgare -Edevan6 ± 1,00ab 100 ± 0,0b 0 0100 ± 0,00c8 ± 1,15ab 100 ±0,00b 0 0 100± 0,00c4 ± 2,08 a 100 ±0,00b 0 0 100±0,00 c7 ±1,00ab 16 ± 0,00 a 0 4 ± 1,00 27 ± 5,27 b10 ± 2,00b 13 ± 3,05 a 9 ±1,00 0 32 ± 3,00 b8 ± 1,00ab 14 ± 1,57 a 8 ±1,15 2 ± 0,00 32 ± 2,80 b4 ± 1,00 a 12 ± 1,00 a 0 0 16 ± 2,51 aMean values in the same column followed with different letters are significantlydifferent (p
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