Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumincreasing milk yield, there were no effect on milk fat percentage, until total time ofchewing activity (intake and rumination) were significantly greater.Effects of chop length of forage and particle size of total mixed rations for lactatingcows on milk fat content, appears when content of NDF is under minimal requirement,(25% NDF, and 19% forage NDF in dietary DM, NRC,2001).Using of fine chopped alfalfa haylage (2.1 mm, theoretical chop length 0.48 cm) insteadof coarse chopped haylage (3.1 mm, theoretical chop length 0.95 cm) in TMR (forage toconcentrate 55:45 % in dietary DM) for Holstein cows in early lactation (3-8 weeks),depressed milk fat content (3.8 and 3.0 %), decreased daily yield of 4 % FCM, as alsofeed conversion (Grant et al. 1990). Rumination time and total chewing time weresignificantly decreased, as also ruminal pH and acetate to propionate ratio. It wasdetermined increasing of glucose and insulin concentration in blood plasma and serum.Table 3. Effects of different chop length of alfalfa haylage in TMR, on somephysiological and production parameters of cows in early lactation (Grant etal. 1990)ItemChop lengthFine Middle CoarseIntake of DM, kg/day 22.4 22.0 22.24% FCM, kg/day 27.52 30.28 29.49Milk fat, % 3.0 3.6 3.8Milk protein, % 3.0 3.0 3.1Chewing activity, min/24 hIntake 195.3 204.4 204.7Rumination 374.4 466.3 530.7Total chewing activity 569.7 670.7 735.4pH 5.3 5.9 6.0VFA, mM/lAcetic 73.96 70.61 76.29Propionic 39.19 30.80 26.09Butyric 8.78 15.05 17.47Acetate : Propionate 2.77 3.13 3.52Glucose in blood plasma, mg/dl 65.9 54.0 44.9Insulin in blood serum, ng/ml 0.30 0.26 0.20Rustomo et al. (2006) reported that increasing chop length of corn silage and alfalfahaylage in ratio that characterized higher acidity potential of his concentrate part,showed tendency of increasing milk fat content by 0.32 % (3.87 and 4.19 %). Using finechopped alfalfa haylage (3.02 mm) instead of coarse chopped alfalfa haylage (9.57 mm)in TMR for primiparous cows in early lactation, decreased milk fat percentage (3.73 and3.41 %), as also production of 4 % FCM (26.54 and 24.81 kg/day). The same effect ofdepressed milk fat was determined for multiparous lactating cows (3.69 and 3.49 %),(Fischer et al. 1994).Although intake of diet with deficit of effective fiber cause disturbance of ruminalfunction, and ruminal fermentation, excessive content of long and coarse forage particles225
1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumin total mixed rations for dairy cows, decreased feed intake and digestibility ofconsumed DM, and negatively affect on cows’ energy balance (Allen, 2000).CONCLUSIONMeeting the energy and protein requirements of high-yielding lactating cows, depends ofamount of DM intake and feed efficiency of consumed dietary DM and OM. Foragesmake 40-60 % of DM of ration for lactating cows. Besides chemical composition, mainparameter that influence on nutritional value and quality of forages is digestibility ofDM, OM and nutrients. The effect of forages in dairy cows’ diets depends of plantspecies, stage of maturity, method of preservation and diet composition. Forages, firstcorn silage and alfalfa haylage, with optimal chop length, provide necessary physicallyeffectiveness of total mixed rations. Optimal content of physically effective fiber-peNDFin diet and proper physical form of forages stimulate increasing of chewing activity,provide proper ruminal function and feed conversion, and eliminate appearance of milkfat depression and metabolic diseases.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis study is realized by financial support of Ministry of Science, Republic of Serbia,through the Project for technological development TR-20106.REFERENCES1. Allen, M.S.: Effect of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactatingdairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83 (2000), 1598-1624.2. Bal, M.A., Shaver, R.D., Jirovec, A.G., Shinners, K.J., Coors, J.G.: Cropprocessing and chop length of corn silage: effects on intake, digestion, and milkproduction by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83 (2000), 1264-1273.3. Broderick, G.A., Koegel, R.G., Walgenbach, R.P., Kraus, T.J.: Ryegrass oralfalfa silage as the dietary forage for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(2002), 1894-1901.4. Cooke, K.M., Bernard, J.K.: Effect of length of cut and kernel processing onuse of corn silage by lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005), 310-316.5. Dado, R.G., Allen, M.S.: Enhanced intake and production of cows offeredensiled alfalfa with higher neutral detergent fiber digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 79(1996), 418-428.6. Dhiman, T.R., Cadorniga, C., Satter, L.D.: Protein and energysupplementation of high alfalfa silage diets during early lactation. J. Dairy Sci.76 (1993), 1945-1959.7. DePeters, E.J., Smith, N.E.: Forage quality and concentrate for cows in earlylactation. J. Dairy Sci. 69 (1986), 135-141.8. Đorđević, N., Dinić, B.: Hrana za životinje. Cenzone tech-Europe, 2007.9. Đorđević, N., Koljajić, V., Dinić, B., Grubić, G.: Postupci konzervisanja iefekti korišćenja lucerke. Arhiv za poljoprivredne nauke. 62(220), (2001), 285-292.226
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