Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumPOSSIBILITIES OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF STILLAGEOBTAINED FROM BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION ON STARCHBASED FEEDSTOCKSMarica Rakin 1 , Ljiljana Mojović 1 , Maja Vukašinović Sekulić 1 ,Snežana Saičić 2 , DraganMilićević 2 , Dušanka Pejin 31 Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia2 Institute of Higiene and Meat Technoogy, Kaćanskog 13, Belgrade, Serbia3 Faculty of Technology, Cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, SerbiaABSTRACTToday, the production of ethanol for biofuel is in expansion and an intensive researchand investments in the technology development has been done to improve the processeconomy and its ecological impact. The most pronounced is a trend of the processintegration and byproduct valorization in order to achieve higher process productivitywith minimum negative environmental impact.In the process of bioethanol production from corn, 293 kg of ethanol is produced from1000 kg corn (with 12% of moisture and 65% of starch on dry matter). In this process229 kg of stillage with 90% of dry matter is obtained. In the majority of industrialfacilities in Serbia, the bioethanol byproducts have not been utilized posing therefore ahardly solvable environmental problem. The complex composition of stillage causeshigh BOD 5 values which range from 15-340 g/L.The stillage content encompasses all the components initially present in the feedstockexcept the carbohydrates fermented to alcohol; the yeast biomass, as well as the productsobtained by the feedstock saccharification and fermentation which cannot bemetabolized by yeast. Many factors have an impact on the stillage composition: a type ofraw material; fermentation conditions employed for ethanol fermentation; conditionsemployed for drying of stillage etc. Primarily due to its high protein content, the stillageobtained from bioethanol production on cereals (corn and triticale) could be an excellentbasis for the production of a high quality feed. For this purpose, the possibilities of theenrichment of the stillage obtained from ethanol fermentation with various yeasts strainswas studied in this paper. A chemical composition of the obtained mixtures wasanalyzed from the point of nutritive quality of animal feed.Key words: bioethanol, corn and triticale, stillage, animal feedINTRODUCTIONProduction of bioethanol and protein co-products has been conducted in world for lastfew decades.Fermentation derived ethanol can be produced from sugar and starch based feedstocks(corn, triticale, wheat) by yeast or bacteria. Concerning EU, in November 2001 a newdirective is accepted, that requires of members states to establish legislative aboututilization of fuels from renewable resources. In 2005 this utilization should cover 2% of299
1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumthe total fuel consumption. This quota should increase to 5.75% in 2010 andfurthermore. Thereby, it can be calculated that the world production of bioethanol fromcorn in 2010 will be about 32%.The stillage obtained as a byproduct from bioethanol production on cereals is a highvalue feed, rich in protein content and could decrease a need for the addition of otherprotein rich components in feed mixes. Advantages of using stillage as animal feed are:better consumption of nutritive ingredients from the feed, better flavor of feed, presenceof plant’s proteins, it contains an adequate amount of energy for animals in fatling, a lotof minerals and vitamins, presence of crude fiber which enhance the state of ruminant’sabdomen [1].Besides, utilization of stillage could enhance bioethanol production in technoeconomicalaspect. In this way around 40% of the investment can be recovered [2].In addition of stillage use for animal feed, researchers at The Faculty of Technology,Novi Sad have investigated recirculation of a thin stillage (a liquid portion obtained bythe separation from a whole stillage) in the mashing process. By this method of stillagerecycling a lower consumption of water in the process and higher ethanol productionwas achieved [3].Nowadays, an integrated model of bioethanol production makes possible utilization ofthe enriched sillage for animal feeding and the manure from animal feeding for theproduction of biogas. A stabilized sludge remained in the process can be used as afertilizer. Besides, by direct combustion of lignocelluloses part of the plants aconsiderably energy for heating can be released [4].For the last few years, a use of probiotic microorganisms as animals` food ingredientshas attracted a lot of interest. Some data indicate that the supplementation withprobiotics may improve the health of animals. The supplementation with the yeastculture may improve food intake, digestion and increase the number of anaerobic andcellulolytic bacteria. Yeast cells consist of some immunomodulant components, such asβ-glucan, nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, which stimulate the resistance to viruses andbacteria and the immune system of animals [5, 6].The aim of this study was to perform a chemical and nutritive analysis of the stillageobtained as a byproduct from bioethanol production on corn and triticale, as well as ofthe stillage obtained after bioethanol production on corn which was enriched with 1%w/w of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The chemical analysis encompassed thedetection of components such as moisture, fat, cellulose, phosporus, proteins, andmineral materials – Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ca and Na. The chemical composition of theobtained mixtures was assessed from the point of nutritive quality required for animalfeed.MATERIALS AND METHODSThree samples of stillage were analyzed: 1) Stillage of triticale 2) Stillage of corn 3)Stillage of corn enriched with S.cerevisiae (1%w/w stillage).By the chemical analysis determinated: moisture, protein content, cellulose, minerals,microelements (P, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ca i Na) [7].300
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