Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumAdd a vitamin premix to provide 1000 units of vitamin A, 500 units of vitamin D and 3units of vitamin E per 0.5 kg grain.LEVEL OF CONCENTRATE IN THE RATIONBased on abundant research dealing with the problem of the effect of added concentratein goat nutrition during lactation, it is evident that high milk production as well aspreservation of health during lactation, require the adding of higher quantities ofconcentrates to rations for goats (7,8,12). Adding concentrates during the final period ofgestation influences milk production and composition during early lactation. Thequantity of concentrate added during the second part of the drying-off period should beadapted according to the quality of fodder, in order to provide a sufficient quantity ofenergy and protein for production during early lactation. Insufficient nutrition during thedrying-off period (final period) directly influences milk production during earlylactation. When food intake covers only 60 to 70% of requirements, goats are moreprone to metabolic disorders caused by inadequate nutrition. The level of concentrate inthe ration can not influence doe performance in the later period of lactation very much,compared to adequate levels of nutrition during the drying-off period and the earlylactation, both in adult goats-mothers, and in young yearling goats undergoingsignificant growth (15).Addition of concentrate during the final period of gestation has an effect on milkcomposition during mid-lactation. In research by Sauvant and Morand Fehr (16)nutrition of goats with alfalfa hay (ad libitum) in 32 Alpino goats, with an additional600g of concentrate, compared to 150g (fed to Group 2), during the last 6 weeks ofgestation, led to an increase of milk production during mid-lactation (the test period wasfrom week 9 to week 27 of lactation) (Table 4). Higher milk production during midlactationwas achieved based on higher body reserves accumulated during late gestationthat the animal had access to during lactation, i.e. the easier overcoming of the lack ofenergy balance at the beginning of lactation.Table 4. Effect of supply of concentrates before parturition on milk production of goatsin early lactation (16)ItemsConcentrate supplyLow (150 g) High (600 g)SignificanceGestationAlfalfa hay intake g/day 1652 1395Energy balance (MJ/day) + 6.50 + 8.93LactationFat corrected milk production(3.5%) (kg/day)2.79 2.93 P
production of fat correctedmilk 3,5%, kg1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumFehr (16), it was established that the highest milk production was present in the systemof nutrition when the ration contained a higher quantity of concentrate compared to hay.At the same time, when compared to the other two systems of nutrition, milk yieldremained at approximately the same level during the 8 weeks of lactation.Feeding during gestation5432101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8week of lactationvknsvsnknkisGraph 1. The effect of various concentrate: fodder ratios during gestation on thequantity of milk produced in early lactation (16)RELATION BETWEEN CONCENTRATE AND FODDER IN THERATIONHowever, the fodder : concentrate ratio in goat nutrition, in addition to raising the levelof milk yield, also has an effect on changing milk fat and protein content in goat milk.Changing the relationship between concentrate and fodder can significantly influencemilk fat content, and even reduce it by 20%. If the share of concentrate in dry matter ofthe ration is raised by 50-60%, milk fat content can drop significantly due to theproduction of propionate and the lower quantity of the milk fat precursor acetate (3).However, the effect of highly concentrated rations is reduced if mixed rations are used,or if concentrate is fed in smaller portions, i.e. three or more times a day. Under suchcircumstances, conditions in the rumen remain relatively stable, and the ratio betweenthe end products of fermentation – acetate and propionate – remains relatively constant.Thus, in an experiment by Kawasa et al. (5), a reduction of the fodder : concentrate ratioto 45:55 lowered the milk fat percent, increased protein content, milk yield and weightgain, while the period goats spent feeding and ruminating decreased (Table 5). However,the potential to alter protein content in milk via nutrition is considerably lower whencompared to milk fat, for several reasons, the most significant being that their naturalvariation is low, and that all nutritional factors have not been fully studied. In addition,264
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Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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