Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumvalues of proteins in animal feed mixes are in the range from 15- 40% [11]. The changesin the protein content are shown in Figure 2.45Proteincontent, % 4035302520151050Still triticale Still corn \still corn with yeastproteinsFigure 2. Protein content (%) of the tested samplesThe cellulose content of the complete animal feed mixes is limited to 10% due to its lowdigestibility. In the stillage samples tested its content was in limits which are officiallyallowed. The cellulose content reaches the value of 6.74% in the triticale stillage, whilethe corn stillage has a lower content of cellulose for around 55%.The fat content of the stillage samples was in the range from 5.8-14.3%. The cornstillage has a higher fat content compared to the triticale stillage. The fat content is veryimportant for fatlings` feed and according to the official food regulations it shouldn’t bebelow 5% [11].The phosphor content of the samples is in the range from 0.534% to 1.49% with thegreatest value detected in the sample of corn stillage enriched with yeast. The value ofphosphor content of 1.49% is higher from the majority of upper phosphor limitsprescribed by the national feed regulations (average recommended values are from 0.6-0.8%), with an exception for complete animal feed mixes for the fatlings, where theupper phosphor value limit is 1.5%For a good animal feed it is important that it contains particular minerals in a properamount [12]. The content of minerals contributes to a higher quality of animal feed,especially in the case of mixes based on corn stillage. The content of copper with valuesranging from 17.72 mg/kg (corn stillage enriched with yeast) to 398.34 mg/kg (triticalestillage) is far above of the officially recommended value (5 mg/kg). A high increase inthe content can be noticed for the zinc, which is ranging from 47.90 mg/kg (corn stillageenriched with yeast) to 146.05 mg/kg (triticale stillage).In the sample of corn stillage enriched with yeast, a low sodium content of 0.055% maybe noticed. This is acceptable only for a few animal feed mixes officially prescribed byfood regulations. The sodium content of the other two samples is 0.112% (corn stillage)303
1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumand 0.432% (triticale stillage), which satisfy quality requirements for the majority ofanimal feed mixes prescribed by our national feed regulations [11].The content of calcium increased from 0.31% (stillage enriched with yeast) up to0.195% (corn stillage), but still remained of poor quality compared to the calciumcontent prescribed for animal feed mixes by animal feed regulations [11].CONCLUSSIONChemical analysis of the samples of triticale stillage, corn stillage and corn stillageenriched with 1% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast has shown that all stillage samplescontained a high percentage of proteins (above 30%). Maximum protein content(42.90%) contains the corn stillage enriched with 1% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast.The addition of the yeast contributed to an increase in protein content, fat content and thecontent of particular minerals - P, Ca and Cu. The triticale stillage contains moreminerals such as Zn, Fe, Mg and Ca, compared to the corn stillage.The chemical composition of the stillage indicated that it can be a complete feed mix forseveral animal categories. The enrichment of the corn stillage with Saccharomycescerevisiae yeast can contribute to develop a new animal feed of a high quality. Itsvalorization can significantly improve the economy of the bioethanol production oncorn.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work was financed by Ministry of Science and Technological Development ofSerbia, Innovative project # 451-01-00065/2008-01/26.REFERENCES1. Robinso, P., Karges, K., Gibson, M.L.: Nutrition evaluation of fourco’product feedstuffs from the motor fuel ethanol distillation industry inmidwestern USA, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 146 (2008), 345-352.2. Kim, J., Kim, B., Lee, Ch., Kim, S., Jee, H., Koh J. and Fane A.:Development of clean technology in alcohol fermentation industry, Journal ofCleaner Production, 5 (1997), 263-567.3. Šiler Marinković S., Pejin D., Byproducts from the production of bioethanol,In Bioethanol as a fuel. Ed. Mojović, Lj., Pejin, D. I Lazić, M. Faculty ofTechnology, Leskovac, 2007. pp.101-1154. Pejin, D., Glavardanov, R., Gaćeša, S. and S. Popov: Alcohol as a fuel –Future Trends, Book of papers, The fifth congress of the industry of alcohol,nonalcoholic beverages and vinegar, P, Vrnjačka Banja, 2000, pp 29-385. Ouwehand, A.C., Salminen, S. and Isolauri, E.: Probiotics: an overview ofbeneficial effects, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, l 82, (2002), 279-289.6. Cromwell, G.L., Herkelman, K.L. and Stahly, T.S.: Physical, chemical andnutritional characterisics of distillers dried grains with solubles for chicks andpigs, Journal of Animal Science, 71 (1993), 679-686.7. Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC, Arlington, VA (1990).304
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