Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumthroughout the winter months whereas the Fusrium did not show any well definedpattern of occurrence. Penicillium occurrence in the mixed feed samples is in agreementwith the results reported by other authors [5, 9, 11, 12]. This shows that the incidence ofthese various species was important, as the produce was stored for prolonged periods oftime.Relationships between the moisture content, the storage duration and the incidence ofmoulds isolatedDuring the collection period, the moisture content observed per pig feed samples variedbetween 9,63 and 17,3% (Fig. 1B). The moisture content incresed during periodseptember-december, and reached in the december (17.25%), whereas decreased valuesat the end of the monitoring period 9,63%. However, mean moisture content observedper region was similar, and varied between 12,2% (Senta) to 13,36% Vladimirci. On thebasis of obteined results can conclude, as the storage period was extended, the moisturecontent reached. Additionally, positive and significant correlations between the level ofcontamination of samples by total fungal counts and the moisture content were found inall of exmined regions (r=0.475). Fungal colonization, growth and sintesis of toxins,results from the complex interaction of several factors (water availability, temperatureand incubation time) and therefore, an understanding of each factor involved areessential to understand the overall process and to predict fungal spoilage in agriculturaland food products [6]. Improper storage accompanied by too high a temperature andelevated moisture content in the grain favours further mycotoxin production and leads toreduction in grain quality [38-40]. Isolated species in our case are mostly storagecontaminators, implicating that the high number of contaminated feed is most probablythe result of manipulative mistakes during storage of feedstuffs or feed.Occurrence of mycotoxins in samplesThe results obtained from the analysis of mycotoxins in the pig feed samples arepresented in Figure 3 and 4. The predominant mycotoxin for all analyzed samples wasDON, while, on the other hand aflatoxins was not detectable. The incidence of DON andOTA in all the samples was 55.5% and 50%, respectively, while the median content ofthe positive samples was 0.78 and 0.06 mg/kg. The highest levels of DON were found insamples from region Vladimirci (2.5 mg/kg), therefore nine samples greatly exceededthe legally established DON limit (0.60 mg/kg) [20]. In respect to OTA content in onlyone sample from region Vladimirci OTA content (0.27 mg/kg) was exceeded the legallyestablished OTA limit (0.25 mg/kg) [20]. The occurrence of ZEA was 44.5% and variedbetween 16.6% (Senta) to 66.6% (Vladimirci). Also, the ZEA contamination levelsfluctuated in very wide range between 0.20 mg/kg (mean 0,03 mg/kg) (Senta) and 5.0mg/kg (mean 1,92 mg/kg) (Vladimirci). The incidence of ZEA was significantlydifferent in samples originatig from Senta and Bogatić (p< 0.001). Six pig feed sampleswas contaminated with ZEA above the legally established ZEA limit (1.0 mg/kg). Nosignificant differences were found between the median DON and OTA contents for allfeed items (p>0.05). Additionally, positive and significant correlations between the levelof contamination of samples by total fungal counts and the OTA content (r=0.584) werefound, as well as the moisture content and the OTA content (r=0.468). In respect tocorrelations between the level of contamination of samples by mycotoxins, betweenOTA and ZEA content and ZEA and DON content, significant correlations were foundr=0.482 and r=0.358, respectively.105
X Axis Title1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumThese results are comparable with the data reported by other authors and with recentlypublisched data in Serbia [1, 5, 9, 11, 12], and Europe [13, 21, 23]. The results shownthe natural co-occurrence of both toxins in majority of samples (55.5%) at minimalconcentrations of 0.057 mg/kg (OTA) up-to 5.0 mg/kg (ZEA). Differences between theincidence and contaminations levels of mycotoxins in pig feed samples obteined in thepresent study may be attributed, among others, to a different origin of basing corn, it iswell known that cereal infection with moulds and toxin production depend strongly onenvironmental conditions (damp climate, cool temperatures). However, these data mustbe interpreted with caution as they were calculated from a limited number of samples.43A 10 610 54540353025BN2%201511050Vladimirci Senta Bogatic0CFU/gmoistureCFU/gmoistureCFU/gmoistureRegionBogaticSentaVladimirciFigure 1. Total fungal counts (CFU/g) (A) and mean contamination levels of moulds andmoisture content (B)AP. expansumP. griseofulvumP. variatiP. aurantiogiseumF. nivaleA. flavusP. nordicum16141210BAlternariaMucorAspergillusPaecilomycesFusariumPenicilliumM. racemosusF. semitectitumF. moniliformeF. equisetiF. avanaceumF. tricinctumA. alternataA. nigerN86420 5 10 15 20 25 30 35%0Bogatic Senta VladimirciRegionFigure 2. Relative frequencies of isolation of the dominant fungal species (A) and genus(B)106
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Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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