Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumnoticed in the control group (9%) than in the experimental group (4.6%), which can bepartially explained by the influent of the treatment.In the works of Sretenovićeve and associates (1994) the effects of organically boundselenium in the form of selenium-metionin were compared with inorganic seleniumeffects in the meals of dairy cows. The inclusion of selenium into meals was started 15days prior to calving and lasted for the next 100 days of lactation. In the experimentalcow group the milk amount was increased by 0.83 kg or 3.5% (P 0.05), and theselenium content in the blood was increased by 2.1%. The same authors have researchedthe effects of adding organically bound selenium and other microelements in 1999compared to the inorganically bound selenium with the 30:70% ratio, toward theproductive and reproductive traits of dairy cows. The selenium treatment was startedduring the high gravidity phase. Results indicate that the amount of milk from 4% in thestart group was higher by 1.43 kg or 7.22% (P 0.05). The number of somatic cells wasreduced in the experimental group compared to the control group by 13.78%. Thefertility in the experimental group was higher by 10.34% than in the control group (64%toward 58%). These results undoubtedly indicate the justifiability of includingorganically bound selenium into cow meals, from the aspect of improving their healthstatus as well as from the excretion of selenium into milk because that is the most naturalway of introducing selenium into the human body.If there is no sufficient amount of selenium animal meals, it is necessary to add itthrough premixes into concentrate mixtures but care must be taken of the chemical formof the compounds because the absorption depends on it (the true absorption of Se fordairy cows is 10-15% of the consumed amount).In the research of Donoghue and associates (1995) cows from the test group whichreceived organically bound Cu, Zn and Se in 100, 250 and 2 mg per day have produces aslightly larger amount of milk compared to the control group (24.75 : 24.50 kg). Theconception period from the first seeding of the experimental group toward the controlgroup was 57.7 : 65.2%; the service period was 75.5 : 68.8 days and the number ofsomatic cells was 575000 : 317000. Concerning the amount of selenium in dairy cowmeals, the experiment results indicate that the Se absorption depends on its chemicalform. Peter and associates (1982) state that the Se absorption in the form of seleniummetonineis higher by 12-13% compared to selenite (inorganic forma).The positive effects of adding organic selenium have also been confirmed in theexperiments with other animals. For example, giving organic selenium to laying hensincreases the selenium amount in eggs by 20% compared to the Na-selenite (Payne andassociates 2005).It isn’t clearly determined which amount of selenium is necessary for the dailyconsumption of humans. Many medical research papers indicate that selenium plays arole in preventing cancer. Clark and associates (1997) in his 10 year study indicate thatthe possibility of cancer (especially the colorectal and prostate types) is reduced by 50%37
1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumwhen 200 g of organic selenium is taken each day. The daily intake of selenium in thelargest part of the population is lower than 200 g. One of the ways of introducingselenium into the human organism is through milk and meat.The higher selenium concentration in milk products means a higher intake of seleniuminto the human body, which has a positive influence as selenium is a microelement withpowerful anti-oxidant capabilities. Milk enriched with selenium is considered asfunctional food which can help prevent many diseases.Omega-3 fatty acids in milk and meat and their significance for animal and humannutritionWhen taking about healthy food and its influence on the life quality and length, it isoften said that a person is as old as his blood vessels. It is proven that heart and coronarydiseases and the appearance of arthrosclerosis are a direct consequence of the intake offood of animal origin with a high lipid and saturated fatty acid content, especially certaintypes of cholesterol which is the main cause of these diseases.Considering this fact, programs of healthy nutrition which propagate food enriched withnon-saturated fatty acids, mainly omega-3, because it was undeniably proven that theyhave a positive influence on the human health (Sretenović, 2005). Besides the absolutecontent of omega-3 fatty acids in the meal, the relationship between omega-3 and othertypes of non-saturated fatty acids namely omega-6 fatty acids.The interest for omega-3 fatty acids is connected with the research conducted inGreenland in the 1970s. Bang and associates (1980) have determined through theirresearch that the Eskimo population of western Greenland has an astoundingly lowpercentage of coronary illness, which was traced back to their nutrition habits which istraditionally rich with fish and other see food.This type of food is rich with omega-3 fatty acids which are called eiko-pentanoic (EPA)and docoza-hexanoic acid (DHA). Other human communities like the Alaska and Japanpopulation which have a similar diet also have a lower coronary disease rate.Omega- 3 and omega- 6 fatty acids which are poly-unsaturated and which are found incertain food types (the so called traditional foods) or are added to food making itfunctional, are now in the focus of scientific research. The natural sources of omega-3(lanoline acid) are: fish oil (a rich source which commonly contains 30-50% omega-3fatty acids compared to the total weight), fish from the northern seas, tuna, trout, salmon,crabs, lint seed, green vegetables, and leguminous. The low content of omega-3 fattyacids is characteristic for beef, pig and chicken meat. Regardless of the trace amounts ofthese acids in these products, consuming high amounts of meat in the meals can satisfythe daily needs. The sources of Omega-6 or lanoline acid can be found in meat,vegetables and vegetable oil (sunflower, soy, cotton seed) as well as milk.It has been determined that nutrition can partially influence the composition of fattymeat tissue. This has brought animal nutrition into focus, especially the nutrition of pigsand poultry with such energy sources which will influence the acquisition of high qualityfinal products with the reduced content of hazardous lipids. Sunflower, sugar beet andfish oil are used as energy sources and carriers of unsaturated fatty acids and sugars,38
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Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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