1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumživotinje u Srbiji, XI Međunarodni simpozijum tehnologije hrane za životinje,Zbornik radova, 12-18, Vrnjačka Banja, 2005.15. Liener, I.E., Kakade, M.L.: Protease Inhibitors, Toxic Constituents <strong>of</strong> PlantFoodstuffs, Academic Press, New York, 1980.16. Marsman, G.J.P., Gruppen, H., Groot, J. de, Voragen, A.G.J.: Effect <strong>of</strong>toasting <strong>and</strong> extrusion at different shearl levels on soy protein interactions, J.Agr. Food Chem., 46 (1998), 7, 2770-2777.17. Miller, R.C.: Continuous cooking <strong>of</strong> breakfast cereals, Cereal Food World, 31,6, 413, 1978.18. Pravilnik o kvalitetu i drugim zahtevima za hranu za životinje, Sl. list SRJ, 20,1-31, 2000.19. Pravilnik o metodama mikrobioloških analiza i superanaliza životnihnamamirnica, Službeni list SFRJ, 25, 1980.20. Sakač, M., Ristić, M., Đuragić, O.: Kontrola kvaliteta proizvoda od termičkitretiranog zrna soje, VIII Savetovanje tehnologije stočne hrane “Tehnologijaproizvodnje stočne hrane u službi ekologije”, Zbornik radova, 111-119,Petrovac na moru, 1998.21. Sakač, M., Ristić, M., Lević, J.: <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> microwave heating on the chemiconutritivevalue <strong>of</strong> soybean, Acta Aliment., 25, 2, 163-169, 1996.22. Sakač, M., Stefanovski, M., Vlahović, M.: Biološko-ekonomski aspekthidrotermičke obrade zrna soje, VIII Savetovanje tehnologije stočne hrane“Tehnologija proizvodnje stočne hrane u službi ekologije”, Zbornik radova,128-137, Petrovac na moru, 1998.23. Sakač, Marijana, Filipović, S., Ristić, M..: Proizvodnja punomasnog sojinoggriza postupkom suve ekstruzije, PTEP-časopis za procesnu tehniku i energetikuu poljoprivredi, Novi Sad, 5, 1-2, 30-34, 2001.24. Seiler, K.: Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe und Extrusion, I und II Teil, Gordian, 80, 210-235, 1980.25. Tsukamoto, C., Shimada, S., Igata, K., Kudou, S., Kokubun, M., Okubo,K., Kitamura, K.: Factors affecting is<strong>of</strong>lavone content in soyabean seeds:changes in is<strong>of</strong>lavones, saponins <strong>and</strong> composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>fatty</strong> <strong>acids</strong> at differenttemperatures during seed development, J. Agr. Food Chem., 43. 1184-192,1995.26. Van der Poel, A.F.B.: Exp<strong>and</strong>er Processing <strong>of</strong> Animal Feeds, Feed ProcessingCentre, Wageningen, 1997.27. Var der Poel, A.F.B.: Legume seeds: effects <strong>of</strong> processing on antinutritionalfactors <strong>and</strong> nutritional for non-ruminant feeding, Advan. Feed Tecnol., 4, 22-36,1990.28. Zhou, J.R., Erdman, J.W.: Phytic acid in health <strong>and</strong> desease, Crit. Rev. FoodSci. Nutr., 35, 495-508, 1995.243
1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumPOSSIBILITY TO MODIFY THE CONTENT OF CONJUGATEDLINOLEIC ACID IN MILK FAT FROM COWS' MILK BYNUTRITIONFrida Bauman 1 , Nurgin Memiši 2 , Goran Grubić 3 , Nenad Đorđević 31 INPAK – Gospodara Vucića 145 – Beograd, Serbia2 AD Mlekara – Subotica, Tolminska 10, Serbia3 Institute <strong>of</strong> Animal Husb<strong>and</strong>ry, Agricultural Faculty Zemun, SerbiaABSTRACTModification <strong>of</strong> milk fat content by changing the regime <strong>of</strong> nutrition is not a completelynew concept. The intensive development <strong>of</strong> the dairy industry, as well as the markettrend increasingly targeted at using "health foods" are moving in the direction <strong>of</strong> findingways to lower high contents <strong>of</strong> saturated <strong>fatty</strong> <strong>acids</strong> <strong>and</strong> cholesterol in milk, <strong>and</strong> increasethe level <strong>of</strong> nutritionally valuable substances. Since variations milk quantity <strong>and</strong>composition are dominantly conditioned by hereditary factors (55%), the remainingvariation (45%) is conditioned by paragenetic factors, among which nutrition is by allmeans the most important. Fat predominantly consists <strong>of</strong> triglycerides containing over200 different <strong>fatty</strong> <strong>acids</strong>. Fatty <strong>acids</strong> can have short (C 4 – C 10 ), medium (C 12 – C 16 ) <strong>and</strong>long chain <strong>fatty</strong> <strong>acids</strong> (C 18 ) on the carbon atom. Short <strong>and</strong> medium chain <strong>fatty</strong> <strong>acids</strong>account for 30% <strong>of</strong> milk fat. Long chain <strong>fatty</strong> <strong>acids</strong> originate from meals <strong>and</strong> dependingon the type <strong>of</strong> meal, account for 40 to 60% <strong>of</strong> milk fat. Milk fat contains numerousanticancerogenic substances among which conjugated linoleic acid is the mostimportant, <strong>and</strong> its content in milk can significantly be changed via nutrition, i.e. byutilizing certain feeds. In addition, the content <strong>of</strong> conjugated linoleic acid in milk fatdepends to a large extent on seasonal variations, as well as on existing individualvariations in animals fed the same rations, <strong>and</strong> the manner <strong>and</strong> system <strong>of</strong> cow nutrition,i.e. the share <strong>of</strong> individual feeds in the ration.Key words: nutrition, food supplements, milk fat, conjugated linoleic acid, <strong>fatty</strong> <strong>acids</strong>INTRODUCTIONIn addition to a significant influence on quantity, nutrition can also influence milkquality, even though to a limited extent. Cows can not achieve their highest productionor its stability during lactation, without daily adequate <strong>and</strong> balanced nutrition (29, 28,24). Milk fat is the richest source <strong>of</strong> conjugated linoleic acid. Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) is a common name for position <strong>and</strong> geometric isomers <strong>of</strong> octadecadienoic acidresulting as intermediary products in the process <strong>of</strong> hydrogenation <strong>of</strong> linoleic acid in therumen <strong>of</strong> ruminants, <strong>and</strong> to date 9 different compounds were identified in commercialproducts (30,36). During the last 15 years, two CLA isomers, cis9, trans11 – isomer <strong>and</strong>trans 10, cis12 – isomer, attract considerable attention <strong>of</strong> scientists (30). There is dataindicating that these isomeric <strong>fatty</strong> <strong>acids</strong> have numerous physiological effects, ananticancerogenic action, antiaterogenic, <strong>and</strong> immunomodulatory action on experimental244
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