Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumEnvironment and production conditionsIn order to realize satisfactory production results in extensive system of production of tableeggs it is necessary to fulfil certain conditions.Temperature: For production of table eggs optimal temperature is 22º C. Relatively highproduction efficiency is realized in wider spectrum of temperatures from 13ºC -26º C.Ventilation/air flow and air humidity: Requirements of hens in fresh air are usuallyexpressed per 1kg of their body mass – maximum is 4-5 m³ of air per hour and per kg.Relative air humidity in the space where hens are housed should be 50-70%. During very hotdays corridors and litter can be additionally watered, and air mist sprayed in the hen houseand on free range. High air humidity in cold days is very difficult to reduce.Light program: Extensive system of housing of layer hens anticipates for prolonging ofnatural day light with artificial light, but total duration can not exceed 16 hours. Natural lightis provided through open sides of the hen house, i.e. windows made of plastic foil. Artificiallight is provided by electric bulbs of power of 4.5 W per m².Floor surface and free range space: Program anticipates maximum 7 hens per 1m² of floorsurface and access for hens to free range of at least 10 m² per henFeeding space: Program anticipates for hens at least 13 cm of feeding space on feeder ormaximum 20 to 25 hens per one hanging cylinder feeder.Drinking space: If drinkers (nipple) are used for water supply, one nipple is sufficient for 4to 5 hens. In hen houses, along the corridor and on both sides above feeder troughs are waterlines with nipples at distance of 24 cm. near feeders on the free range there should bedrinkers, 4 with nipples, individually 2.5 m long with reservoirs of 50 l.Nests: Program anticipates that hens are provided with group or individual nests with litter ofnatural material, where individual nest is for 5 to 7 hens, and 80 hens per 1 m² of surface ofthe group nest.Health protection: Layer hens in extensive system, considering the open space available tothem, must have very thorough and efficient protection. Health care is provided byapplication of series of protective measures and control of the health condition of hens and itis divided into general and specific. General protection includes those measures which areconsidered during planning of the building and production facility which contribute to safetyand prevent introduction of infectants to the farm and their spreading within the farm or fromfarm to the surrounding environment. Specific protection relates to protection from diseaseswhich occur on our geographical territory and it is realized through vaccination program.Control of the health condition is realized by clinical observation of hens and laboratoryexamination of died birds or their organs for the purpose of establishing of diagnosis andsuccessful treatment of diseased flock.Procedure with eggs: Eggs should be collected as often as possible, at least 4 times duringlaying period (from early morning to early afternoon). After collecting, eggs are placed inspecial storage room (chamber) with temperature of 10-15º C and relative air humidity of 70-75 %. Eggs with dirty or cracked shell, as well as eggs which are not for the market (bellow45 g or above 75 g, of irregular shape, etc.) are consumed on the household or sold to localbuyers. This Program determines minimum conditions in regard to quality of eggs. Eggs of132