Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumdigestible saccharides, proteins (or selected amino acids), fats, and/or selected fatty acids(non-saturated fatty acids); decrease in content of anti-nutritive substances(glucosinolates, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, phytohormones, and other),decrease in lignification of vegetative parts in plants and thereby increase in microbialdegradability of utilizable substances, which is precondition of higher intake ofroughage; as well as breeding of plants, which will have higher concentration of specialnutrients, e.g. some enzymes (phytase and other), macro- and micro-elements, vitamins,in certain parts. Crops with such added value will create part of the common food chain.Generally it is reported that 50 % of nitrogen and 40 % phosphorus in flowing watersoriginate in agriculture, emissions of ammonia in atmosphere coming to more than 90 %from animal production. It is possible to decrease markedly the excretion of nitrogen andphosphorus into the environment by purpose modified measures:phase feeding – by adaptation of crude protein, energy and phosphorus to requirementof animalsdecrease in crude protein content by supplementation of commercial amino acids orassessment of need of amino acids on the basis of ileal digestible amino acidspreserving constant ratio between content of lysine and net energy in feed mixturesassessment of ratio among individual amino acids after the ratio in so called idealproteinsimprovement of P digestibility in plant feeds by addition of plant or microbialphytases at decrease of phosphoric salts in feed mixtures; organic form of phosphorus(phytate) in plants can be used by monogastric animals only to 30 -35 % (table 3).Table 3. Phosphorus and calcium content in feeds for pigsTested feedsP (g/kg) Share Ca (g/kg) Availabletotal phytate (%) total Ca(g/kg) P (g/kg)Rye 3.70 2.70 73 0.40 -0.80 1.85Wheat 3.40 1.87 55 0.50 -0.75 1.90Barley 3.90 2.54 65 0.51 -0.82 1.850.65 g Ca per 1g phytate-PNew methods of granulation, extrusion, expansion, as well as other physical treatment offeeds will be a contribution to inactivation of undesirable substances in feeds, and tobetter utilization of some nutrients, e.g. crude protein, starch, non-starchpolysaccharides, etc.CONCLUSIONThe quality of feeds for animal production and their change in the process of digestioninfluence production of animal products, economy as well as environment. Effectiveutilization of feeds is possible only by extension of knowledge of nutritive value of feedon one hand and nutrient and energy requirement by animals on the other.It appears from this that for animal nutrition is necessary to take following requirementsinto consideration when growing feed crops:72