Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiummycotoxins continuously getting into animal organism, especially young animals orthose with weakened immune system, can cause severe health disorders [8]. Inadequatequality of feed components leads to inadequate quality of feed mixture because, besideusing the determined fodder recipes strictly, sometimes the satisfactory quality of themixture can not be achieved.Accordingly, the goal of the present investigation was to evaluate the nutritious(chemical), microbiological and mycotoxicological quality of feed mixture ingredientsoriginating from the region of Vojvodina.MATERIAL AND METHODSSamples. Total number of 62 samples of feed raw materials was analysed in theaccredited laboratory in "Bio-Ecological Center" Ltd. in Zrenjanin from the beginning of2009. Samples of herd pea, barley, triticale and wheat grains were freshly harvested or inthe initial phase of drying (crop 2009). All tested samples originated from the region ofVojvodina (Serbia).Chemical investigations were performed according to Regulations on the quality andother requirements of fodder [16], and Regulations on changes and supplements ofregulations on the quality and other requirements of fodder [17].Determination of moisture, fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, protein, phosphorus and sulfurwere made according to accredited methods of “ Center for Bio-Ecology”having in mindRegulations on sampling methods and methods of physical, chemical andmicrobiological analysis of fodder [14]. Calcium and magnesium were analyzed byatomic absorption spectrophotometry technique according to AOAC method 968.08 [1],amino acids by HPLC technique with UV-VIS detection according to ISO 13903:2005[7] and urease activity by SRPS ISO 5506:2001 [18]. Manganese, iron, copper and zincwere determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique using accreditedmethods of the house.Microbiological investigations were performed according to Regulations on maximalquantity of harmful materials and ingredients in fodder [15]. Total count of bacteria,molds and yeasts as well as identification of pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, coagul.positive Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., sulphito-reducingClostridium spp.) was done having in mind Regulations on methods of microbiologicalanalysis and superanalysis of foodstuffs [13]. Identifications of fungi were performedaccording to Domsh et al. [5], and Samson and van Reenen-Hoekstra [11].Mycotoxicological investigations.The presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFL B1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZON)was determined according to standard method [14], while deoxynivalenol (DON),diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin were analyzed by applying the method ofPepeljnjak and Babić [10].RESULTS AND DISSCUSIONObtained results of the present investigation are shown in Tables 1-4.283
1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumTable 1. Chemical quality of feed ingredients of oleaceous plants originParameterSoybeangritsSoybeancakeSoybeanpelletSunflowerpelletProteins (%) 33.81-38.53 37.31-45.81 41.06-45.27 31.12-35.29Moisture (%) 5.21-8.30 4.88-9.11 9.92-11.52 6.76-12.93Fats * (%) 19.14-21.41 7.18-12.18 2.38-3.05 0.71-4.56Celullose (%) 3.46-6.51 3.12-6.23 2.97-7.44 18.05-24.24Ash (%) 4.49-5.22 4.91-6.49 5.62-5.75 5.48-6.65Urease activity (mgN/g/min) 0.08-0.52 0.06-0.44 0.07-0.23 -No. of samples 9 19 5 16Adequate quality (%) 67 100 80 75*Fat content in the sunflower pellets is not defined by Regulations on the quality andother requirements of fodder [16], and Regulations on changes and supplements ofregulations on the quality and other requirements of fodder [17], but is given in themanufacturer's declaration.During the investigation of chemical quality of animal feed ingredients of oleaceousplants origin inadequate quality was found in 16.33% of samples, which is significantlysmaller percentage compared with invalid samples of feed ingredients and foddermixtures (41.97%) originating from surroundings of Niš and South Morava region [6].Based on the results shown in Table 1 can be noticed that the protein content did notmatch the quality of the Regulations on the quality and other requirements of fodder[16], and Regulations on changes and supplements of regulations on the quality andother requirements of fodder [17] in 4.08% of oleaceous plants samples. In one sampleof soybean pellet and one sample of soybean grit detected protein contents were belowthe value of this parameter permitted by mentioned Regulations (44% or 36%). In thecase of cellulose content inadequate quality of 2 samples was a consequence of highervalues of this parameter than the maximum values issued by the current SerbianRegulations: 4.5% for soybean grit, and 21% for sunflower pellets. Three samples ofsunflower pellet (18% of tested samples) were incorrect with respect to the content of fatabove 3% (max value listed in the manufacturer's declaration). Urease activity did notmatch the value given in the Regulations on the quality and other requirements of fodder[16], and Regulations on changes and supplements of regulations on the quality andother requirements of fodder [17] in one soybean grit sample because it was higherhigher than 0.40 mgN/g/ min.Correctness of feed components has beneficial impact on the quality of forage mixturesin which content the individual nutrients take part. Our previous investigations of feedmixtures from Banat region of Vojvodina in the period from 2006-2008 [8] also revealedthe small percentage of unaccurate samples - only 3.12% of them had inadequate proteincontent, 6.26% calcium content and 3.12% phosphorous content.284
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