Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumNEW RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONTEMPORARYACHIEVEMENTS IN PREPARING FEEDS FOR GOATSFEEDINGNurgin Memiši 1 , Jovanka Lević 2 , Nenad Đorđević 31 AD Mlekara – Subotica, Tolminska 10, Serbia2 Institute for Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, Serbia3 Institute of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural Faculty, Zemun, SerbiaABSTRACTThis research paper contains a synopsis of contemporary procedures and measuresconducted in food preparation for goats as well as some specific characteristics intheir nutrition. Reliance of the hay preparation on weather conditions in decreasedtoday using conditioners and chemical preservatives. For feed ensiling, today themost recommended are additives based on biological agents that intensify and targetthe fermentation, also increasing the aerobic stability of silages. However, experiencewith grass silage and corn silage is different in nutrition of goats. The optimalfulfilling of the requirements for high product results should be given specialattention in nutrition of goats. That is accomplished with the use of latestrecommendations and software, which take into account a large number of nutritiveparameters. The 1981 publication Nutrient Requirements of Goats (NRC 1981) wasone of the first references to compile known research into a comprehensive documentlisting the nutritional requirements for goats in various stages of production. Thisdocument gained prominence and is still used as a reference for goat nutritionalrequirements. Two statements in the introduction of this publication illustrate thechallenges that existed and still exist when attempting to address the nutritionalrequirements of goats. “It is increasingly evident that despite similarities to sheep andcattle, goats exhibit significant differences in grazing habits, physical activities, waterrequirements, feed selection, milk composition, carcass composition, metabolicdisorders and parasites. The 1981 NRC has been an excellent source of informationconcerning goat nutritional requirements and should not be ignored. However, thetremendous amount of information, based on additional data, available in the 2004publications referenced should be considered when evaluating or developing newgoat feeding programs. Based on that research NRC published in 2007 newregulations in nutrient requirements of goats which represent a step forwardcompared to the former regulations from 1981. Based on that research NRCpublished in 2007 new regulations in nutrient requirements of goats which representa step forward compared to the former regulations from 1981.Key words: nutrition, goats, preparing feeds, conserving, normative153
1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology SymposiumINTRODUCTIONIntensive and contemporary production in goat farming today is mostly based ontinned nutrients usage in order to prolong their usage period and also usage ofconcentrated nutrients which have been adapted for maximum use and requirementsof different categories of goats by various methods of treatment (7). Usage of thesenutrients prepared according to precise regulations and by using software for mealsand compound combining, can achieve high level results which can express thegenetic potential of goats to its fullest.Goats can be fed with about 90 types of plants which make them the top domesticruminant. They can be very choosy if given the chance but if their choice of food islimited, they are satisfied with lower quality food. However, that doesn’t mean thathigh production can be achieved with such nutrition. For a solid and adequately largeproduction, food should be of high quality and nutrition technology plays animportant role in that process.Goats are ruminant and they utilize the roughage (grass, hey and silage) very well.That is why roughage is their basic food. Accordingly, the level of production willmostly depend on the quantity and quality of those nutrients (4). Forage plants thatgoats like to eat and which are mostly used in their nutrition are: Alfalfa, Red clover,Italian rye grass, Orchard grass, Vetch, Corn, Sorghum and Sudan grass. Under theconditions in our region, various hey, silage, grass, stock kale, turnip, food industrywaste and concentrated feed are used in nutrition of goats.Compared to cows and sheep, goats are much better at utilizing food with high levelof cellulose (23). Basic meal in nutrition of goats can in large percent (90%) consistsof roughage. Concentrated feed as a supplement meal are given in much lowerdosage. However, for a normal or high production the same principles are beingapplied in nutrition of goats as in nutrition of other ruminants.Goats are real gourmands, they like regular change in their nutrition so it isrecommended for daily meal to consist of various nutrients. Good appetite and highproduction can be maintained in that way. When a meal doesn’t include grass, silageand succulent nutrients (turnips) etc can be used.Nutrition of goats is similar to the nutrition of sheep except that the choice ofnutrients is somewhat different. Basic meal consist of voluminous nutrients (about95%) while concentrated feed is given as a supplement meal in much lover dosage(8, 9, 10). However it is incorrect to consider every type of food which is inadequatefor nutrition of cows and sheep as an adequate food for nutrition of goats. It is truethat goats will consume nutrients of lower quality, especially in case of malnutrition,but that doesn’t mean that those nutrients can ensure the intake of nutrimentsnecessary for normal reproduction. Goats like regular change in their diet so it isrecommended for meals to consist of various nutrients and maintain good appetiteand high production in that way (12).GREEN FEEDDuring the vegetation period, grass, the green mass, is the best and the richest foodnutrient for goats. At the same time, it is the cheapest food and if there is enough of it154
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