Oral and Poster Abstracts

immunization with either the currently produced vaccine (A&M vaccine)
or with a wild-type contagious ecthyma viral strain does not result in
cross-protection. Antigenically dissimilar CE viral strains may have
contributed to vaccine failures, thus contagious ecthyma vaccines should
be multivalent or include locally occurring strains.
Key words: contagious ecthyma, goats, vaccine, immunology
96 Prevalence and Determinants of Ixodids in Domestic Goats
Lower Punjab (Pakistan)
S. Sajid 1 , Z. Iqbal 1 , N. Khan 1 , G. Muhammad 2
1
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Parasitology, Faisalabad,
Pakistan
2
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Clinical Medicine and
Surgery, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Tick infestation is a serious nuisance in small ruminants of developing
countries like Pakistan. The objective of the current study is to
determine the prevalence and various determinants of tick infestation in
caprines of lower Punjab (Pakistan). For this purpose, a total of 700
goats of various breeds, age and sex were randomly selected from each
of district Muzaffargarh and Layyah of lower Punjab. The selected
herds were visited thrice a month in order to collect all the relevant
information including the species, breed, age and sex of host, infested
number of animals, type of housing and average number of ticks per
animal on a pre-designed questionnaire. Ticks were collected and
processed through standard procedure for their taxonomic
identification. Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus
species were identified from the subjected hosts. The overall
prevalence of ticks was 51.6% (723/1400) in both the districts. The
highest month-wise prevalence in Districts Layyah (53.42%; 374/700)
and Muzaffargarh (60.8%; 426/700) were found in July and lowest in
November (3.14%; 22/700) and October (3.14%; 22/700), respectively.
No significant (P = 0.760) differences in the prevalence of tick
infestation as calculated through Z-test (Z = 0.31) were found between
district Layyah and Muzaffargarh. However, significant differences
were found in prevalence percentages of various tehsils of Layyah and
Muzaffargarh. Regarding determinants, prevalence of tick infestation
was found higher in males, older animals and Beetal breed goats. The
preferred sites of ticks were inside and external ear. The results
provided a better understanding of the status of tick infestation in the
domestic goats of the study area and will be helpful in the planning of
control programme against ticks.
Key words: prevalence, ticks, goats, ixodids, Pakistan
97 Effect of Boron on Haemogram and Biochemical Profile of
Urine in Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Calves Fed High Fluoride
Ration
V. Bharti 1,2 , M. Gupta 1
1 CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Department of
Veterinary Physiology, Hisar, India
2 Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Division of Physiology &
Climatology, Bareilly, India
The present study was carried out with the objective of ameliorative
effect of boron (B) on high fluoride (F) intake. As per Randomized
Block Design, twelve male Murrah buffalo calves of 6-8 months age
were divided into three groups of four calves in each group. They were
fed conventional concentrate mixture, roughage and supplemented
with sodium fluoride (NaF, 60ppm elemental F) alone or in
combination with borax (Na 2B 4O 7.10H 2O, 140ppm elemental B) for
90 days. Blood sample were taken on 0, 30 th , 60 th and 90 th day for
analysis of Hb, TEC and PCV. Urine were collected at the end of
experiment (90 th day) and analyzed for alkaline phosphatase activity
(ALP) and minerals (viz, Ca, P, Fe, Zn and Cu).This level of fluoride in
ration caused a significant (p