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frequency of animals with BoHV antibodies around the country. This virus has also been isolated from young and adult animals with different clinical signs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors involved with BoHV-1 infection in unvaccinated adult females of herds from Paraná state. The sampling was carried out in two stages. Firstly, the primary units were defined by an aleatory selection of a pre-established number of herds. In addition, from the primary units, in an aleatory way, it was sampled a pre-established number of animals (secondary units), representing the sanitary state of the herd (Herdacc ® version 3 software, University of Guelph). The calculation of the number of herds was determined by the degree of confidence of the result (5%), by the level of precision, and for the value of the expected prevalence (50%). Blood samples were collected from 14.083 females up to 24 months from 2018 unvaccinated herds. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against BoHV-1 by using an indirect ELISA. The epidemiological questionnaire was applied to all the selected farms. One thousand four hundred and eighty one out of the 2.018 herds were positive for BoHV-1, representing a positive herds prevalence of 71.3% [69.3- 73.3%]. Herds of beef cattle (OR= 1.58; IC: 1.12-2.23), natural service (OR=1.48; IC: 1.02-2.14), purchase animals (OR=1.90; IC: 1.52-2.37), the rent of pasture (OR=2.24; IC: 1.51-3.33), existence of calving pens (OR=1.56; IC: 1.20-2.03) and history of abortion in the last 12 months (OR=1,45; IC: 1.08-1.95) were identified as risk factors for BoHV-1 infection in the multivariate logistic regression. These results indicate that BoHV-1 infection is widespread in the Paraná state and that factors related to herd characteristics and management are associated with the infection. Brazil Financial support: CNPq, CAPES, FINEP and FAP/PR Key words: BoHV-1, epidemiology 243 Bovine Herpesviruses in Argentina: Present and Future S. Romera 1 , M. Vena 2 , A. Sadir 1 1 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-INTA, Instituto de Virología, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2 Biogenesis Bago S.A., Reserch & Development, Garin, Argentina Both BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 co-circulate in Argentina. Field strains of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were isolated from dairy and beef cattle herds. This fact may complicate future BoHV-1 control programs. BoHV-1 causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and is reported around the world. BoHV-5 is a neurovirulent virus that causes fatal meningoencephalitis in young cattle, and is commonly reported in South American countries but only sporadically in other continents. The seroprevalence of BoHV-1 in Argentina ranges from 25% to 85%, serological results have been obtained by seroneutralization assays. Cross-reaction response between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 was reported, then the true prevalence of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 remains unclear. From 1981 up to now, fatal cases of neurological disease in calves associated with BoHV infection have been reported in the central region of Argentina. Up to now, BoHV-5 Argentinian field isolates were characterized by clinical presentation and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) performed on virus isolation. Vaccination is a common strategy of control. In Argentina the vaccination against BoHV-1 is not mandatory and only inactivated vaccines are accepted. Although a control and eradication program has not yet been implemented, INTA’s Virology Institute has developed a marker vaccine to be used in future control programs. The development consisted of a gE deleted strain of BoHV-1, which was obtained by removing the complete ORF of the gene encoding glycoprotein E. Bovines were vaccinated with single and combined inactivated versions and live attenuated version along with bovines vaccinated with a commercial vaccine with wildtype BoHV-1. The marker vaccine induced serum and mucosal antibodies and allowed the differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. In all the cases, vaccinated groups were protected against challenge with wt Los Angeles strain. On the other hand animals vaccinated with BoHV-1 gE- and challenged with BoHV-5 Argentinian strain (A663) were protected. Safety and Efficacy tests were satisfactory for both inactivated and attenuated live vaccines. In addition discriminating infected from vaccinated animals was possible by means of a commercial gE- ELISA test. It is concluded that INTA’s gE- marker vaccine is a safe and potent immunogen against BoHV-1 and potencially against BoHV-5 and may be a useful tool for eradication programs in bovine herds. 324 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008 Key words: BoHV-1; BoHV-5, IBR, meningoencephalitis, marker vaccine 244 IBR in France: from Voluntary Holding Certification to Eradication H. Petit FNGDS, PARIS, France In 1996, was created in France the “Association for Animal Health Certification” (ACERSA), in order to provide official certification to voluntary holdings, regarding diseases that are not under national regulations. The actual disease it was created for was IBR, mainly for export reasons. Members of ACERSA are breeders - represented by the GDS (animal health groups) -, veterinary surgeons associations and others such as laboratories, etc. The association is quality based and officially recognised by the French authorities.As for IBR, the main holding qualification is “IBR free”, based on regular testing of animals within the herd (either on bulk tank milk or blood serum), in association with adequate biosecurity measures regarding animals purchased, herds gatherings, etc. Since 1997, the number of “IBR free” holdings regularly progressed up to more than 50 % in 2007.In addition to this certification system, the GDS national federation decided in 2004 to apply to the French authorities for a national regulation, in order to make IBR control compulsory. In November 2006, a law was adopted, specifying that all cattle holdings in France should be controlled at least once a year (using either milk or blood testing). All cattle purchased also have to be tested, and any positive animal has to be vaccinated within 2 months with proper life long boosters.This regulation enhanced to calculate national herd prevalence in 2007: 11 %. This proves that over 10 years certification allowed a considerable improvement of the epidemiological situation of IBR in France: back to the 90’s, regional herd prevalence between 40 and 60 % (or even more) was not rare! But there are still important differences between regions, some like Brittany now being nearly free, whilst in other areas prevalence rates between 25 and 50 % still can be found. Generally speaking, regions with important dairy production show better situations than predominant beef production areas. On average, less than 2 % of the French cattle are vaccinated against IBR.Regarding E.U. regulations, France now plans to apply for inscription to annex I of decision 2004/558/CE, in order to obtain additional guarantees against IBR, and have its “free holding” status recognised by the European authorities. These measures, in addition to the fully operational French national system, should allow fulfilling the GDS medium term objective: BHV1 eradication. 245 An Update on IBR Control in Italy S. Cavirani University of Parma, Animal Health, Parma, Italy BoHV-1 infection is widespread among cattle reared in Italy. Serological data on 1,650 dairy herds located in different Italian areas showed a seroprevalence to BoHV-1 of 46%. Diagnostic activity on 225 respiratory disease outbreaks occurring in dairy cattle in the period 2003-2007 demonstrated the involvement of BoHV-1 in 12% of the cases. On the basis of the clinical score, the most severe IBR outbreaks have been observed during the summer season. Despite a wide consciousness regarding the losses caused by BoHV-1 infection, only some areas of Italy are involved in official eradication programs. In particular, the province of Bolzano is officially free; compulsory eradication programs are in progress in the provinces of Trento, Belluno and in the Friuli region; voluntary eradication programs involve Lombardia, Veneto, Piemonte and Lazio regions. The main points of the eradication programs are: only dairy herds involved; certification of “free herd” status; use of marker vaccine only; herd monitoring (gE antibody detection on serum samples or bulk milk); gE positive animals sold out of the region. The use of vaccine is promoted by authorities independently form the herd status. At present the epidemiological role of beef cattle and buffaloes herds is of concern. Data regarding the vaccination procedure to IBR in Italy has been collected by a questionnaire carried out on 6,450 dairy herds during the period 2002-2007. Overall vaccination involved 48% of the herds. In the areas without eradication program, traditional combined vaccines are widely applied. However, the trend shows an increase of marker
vaccine, mainly live vaccine. Due to the lack of combined vaccine containing IBR marker, the use of IBR marker vaccine simultaneously or concurrently with other vaccines is applied, mainly in large dairy herds.During the period 2000-2007, the follow up of the eradication has been performed in 232 dairy herds. The herds applied vaccination with marker vaccines without culling of seropositive animals and a mean replacement ratio of 30%. On the whole 88 herds achieved the eradication. The mean time to reach the eradication ranged from 3 years and 8 months to 6 years and 10 months depending from the herd size and the starting seroprevalence. During the period of observation, in 32 (14%) of 232 herds we have detected seroconversion to gE but in only 1 case the seroconversion was associated to clinical signs related to BoHV-1 infection. 246 Epidemiology and Eradication of the BHV1-Infection by the Example of Selected Farms in Lower Saxony J. Teuffert, K. Wiedl, F. Conraths Friedrich-Loeffler-Instutute, Department of Epizootiology, Berlin, Germany Objectives of study: A case-control study was conducted over two years (February 2004 - February 2006) in five selected administrative districts (Landkreise) in Lower Saxony to determine potential risk factors for the eradication of BHV1. Materials and Methods: Fourty-two control farms (cattle negative for BHV1) and 43 farms with an ongoing BHV1-eradication program (positive for BHV1; case farms) were chosen and studied on the basis of defined criteria. Information and data were collected regarding farm management, the BHV1 control and, if applicable, the BHV1 immunisation strategy. Moreover, data on milk production and fertility were analysed for individual animals as well as herds. For this purpose, the BHV1 test protocols and vaccination lists that had been collected from various farms by the local veterinary authorities were compared. Finally, the farms were visited and the farmers interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Results: The statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the farm categories for 19 of the operational and management variables. In the evaluation of the data collected on individual infected animals, the distribution of age classes at the time of the first positive test result and the duration the infected animals remained on the farms until slaughter proved to be significantly different between case and control farms. In particular, the analysis of the vaccination strategy showed that the following factors differed between BHV1-negative and positive farms: the number of animals with proper basic immunisation, the distribution of the number of vaccinations administered in given intervals, the proportion of infected but unvaccinated animals, and the time lapse between the date of the first BHV1-positive test results and the measures taken. The differences in milk production and fertility between case and control farms, however, were not significantly different. Also, no significant difference was found in the performance of BHV1-positive and BHV1-negative cattle. Conclusions: In summary, the results of this study lead to recommendations on vaccination, care and feeding, transportation, trade and documentation in cattle farms to improve BHV1 control. Key words: BHV-1, epidemiology, risk factors, case control study 247 Evaluation of the Probability of Transmission of a Live BoHV-1 Marker Vaccine to Sentinels after Intranasal or Intramuscular Application B. Makoschey 1 , J. Patel 2 , M. Beer 3 1 Intervet-Schering-Plough, Int. Marketing, Boxmeer, Netherlands 2 JAS Biologicals Ltd, Int. Marketing, Cambridge, United Kingdom 3 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Insel Riems, Germany Objectives: Live marker vaccines against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infections are widely applied. The probability of transmission vaccine virus to sentinels after intranasal or intramuscular application should be determined. Materials and Methods: Two studies have been performed to investigate the transmission of a live BoHV-1marker vaccine (Bovilis ® IBR marker live, Intervet) virus after combined intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) vaccination. A group of five (1 st study) or six (2 nd study) BoHV-1 negative calves was vaccinated with a 10x overdose of the vaccine IN and IM. The animals were housed together with 5 (1 st study) or 3 (2 nd study) unvaccinated calves during 2 weeks. Nasal swab samples were taken daily and tested for BoHV-1 vaccine virus. In a 3 rd study, it was established, whether animals vaccinated IM with the same vaccine become viremic and / or excrete vaccine virus with nasal discharge. Five animals were vaccinated once with an overdose via the IM route. Nasal swab samples were taken daily for 11 days. Blood samples were taken three times a week during the first two weeks and then once a week until four weeks after vaccination. The nasal swab samples and the blood samples were tested for BoHV-1 in a virus infectivity assay. In addition, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for BoHV-1 DNA was performed on the blood samples. BoHV-1 neutralising antibody titers were determined in the sera taken prior to the vaccination and four weeks after immunisation. Results: In the 1 st study, 1/5 in contact animals excreted a minimal amount of vaccine virus during 1 day and developed a BoHV-1 antibody response at very low titer. All remaining sentinels in the 1 st and 2 nd study did not excrete vaccine virus and remained seronegative. In the 3 rd study, all animals were successfully vaccinated as judged by the development of BoHV -1 neutralising antibodies. However, all nasal swab samples were tested negative for vaccine virus, and all blood samples were found negative for BoHV-1 virus and BoHV -1 specific DNA. Conclusions: It can be concluded that transmission of the vaccine virus to sentinels is very limited after intranasal vaccination and that no vaccine virus was excreted with nasal discharge after IM vaccination, nor could viremia of vaccine virus be detected. It is recommended to apply the tested BoHV-1 marker live vaccine by the IM route in situations where excretion of vaccine virus is undesirable. 248 Evolution of the Net Reproductive Ratio of Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 Infection in Hyperimmunized Dairy Herds: a Longitudinal Study in the Field M. Dispas 1 , R. Soares Magalhaes 2 , M. Pearce 3 , A. Dupont 1 , E. Thiry 4 , P. Kerkhofs 1 1 Veterinary & Agrochemical Research Centre, Virology, Brussels, Belgium 2 Royal Veterinary College, Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom 3 Pfizer Animal Health, R&D, Sandwich, United Kingdom 4 Faculty of Veterinary Medecine-University of Liege, Virology, Liege, Belgium BoHV-1 control programmes have existed in Europe for 10 years. When seroprevalence is high, hyperimmunization of cattle is usually recommended to maximise virological protection. Marker vaccine usage has been promoted to allow discrimination of vaccinated cattle from cattle infected by a wild virus. Experimental studies show that effective immunity can be obtained by administration of live then inactivated vaccines (P1) but use of this protocol has in the field has not been reported. A 28-month longitudinal field study was conducted to compare the efficacy of protocol P1 with sole use of inactivated vaccine (P2), and the usual vaccination protocol defined as non intervention group (NIG). The study comprised 6 crosssectional serosurveys of all cattle on farms enrolled in P1 (n=10), P2 (n=10) and NIG (n=16). New BoHV-1 infections were defined as gE seroconversion. Vaccinations and blood sampling followed the same schedule, providing 5 chronologically sequential time blocks: from winter 1, summer 1 and so on to winter 3. Mean net reproductive ratio (R) was calculated for each farm over the whole study and within each time block to quantify transmission of BoHV-1 in partly susceptible populations. Two methods were used: martingale estimation (R mart) and a linear mixed model using a log link and Poisson error distribution (R glm). Nine farms in P1, 8 in P2 and 13 in the NIG contributed to the calculation of R values. The mean R marts were, respectively, estimated to be 0.49, 0.61 and 0.70. Only the R marts for P1 and P2 did not include the value 1 in their confidence interval. In these groups BoHV-1 infection would fade out, but would persist in NIG. Mean R glms were smaller when infectiousness was presumed to be 3 days (respectively 0.23; 0.22 and 0.28 for P1, P2 and NIG) compared with 7 days (0.55; 0 .52 and 0.64) or 10 days (0.78; 0.74 and 0.92). In each group and respectively for the 5 time blocks, within each group, seasonal changes were observed: P1, 0.64; 0.00; 0.37; 1.06 and 0.53; P2, 0.70; 0.77; 0.34; 0.73 and 0.41; NIG, 0.70; 0.61; 0.88; 0.49 and 0.93. Only P1 and P2 showed R mart values significantly smaller than 1, but not consistently. These IBR Workshop 325
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130. évfolyam Különszám II. Vol
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The World Buiatrics Congress (WBC)
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lood and liver tissue. Absolute vit
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RNS causes increased lipid peroxida
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An experiment was conducted to stud
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2 Hungarian Institute of Agricultur
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and plasma HCO 3 - increased from H
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Materials and Methods: Serum sample
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vitamin A stores in liver, the hypo
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andomly assigned to one of five tre
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observed in group II of the animals
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The aim of the monitoring was to co
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health group (HG) categories for an
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lactating cows is sparse. Lotan and
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491 Effect of Acarbose on Milk Yiel
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499 Secondary Hepatogenous Photosen
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they all died in a two to three day
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and HCO 3 level. The concentration
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amount of saponins was observed in
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Water was offered ad-libitum. Feed
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Se, I and Co) more than 500 blood s
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541 Variability of Blood Profile an
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evaluated, highly significantly gre
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we measured sensitivity of the enti
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were 0.17; 0.13 °C (Max.: 0.73). D
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calving pregnancy period were the b
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2 University of Nottingham, Departm
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animals) was treated with 5 mg enro
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In dairying, good management practi
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Somatic cell count (SCC) is one of
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This investigation was run in some
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eproductive data showed that cows f
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(3.6%) and others (Bacillus spp., N
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602 Coagulase Gene Polymorphism of
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2 Institute of Veterinary Bacteriol
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an important part of the pathogens
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4 Universidade de Sao Paulo, Clinic
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incubated for one hour at 37 oC. Af
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In Belgium, an increasing amount of
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Conclusion: It can be concluded tha
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calves recovered after 4 to 10 days
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disease. Thus losses were estimated
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635 Prevalence of the Pulmonary Les
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Conclusions The sanitation program
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Italy. After the sample examination
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Results: The cows sera were collect
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(Mb) as co-infecting agent is becom
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distributed over 13 different fatte
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main infection sources to the urban
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686 Characterisation of Cattle Orig
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using EPFC. The intradermal tubercu
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three cattle farms each. Leptospiro
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(cELISA) only to definitively confi
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1 Islamic Azad University of Shahre
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Financial support: CNPq, CAPES, FIN
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731 Detection and Investigation on
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necropsied, tissue samples were tak
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aseline values. The mean HCO 3, PCO
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immunization with either the curren
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decrease in animal aggregation in p
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747 Effect of Dietary Supplementati
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755 Study of Pulmonary Adenomatosis
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1 University of Erciyes, Faculty of
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2006 was observed a small decreasin
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for O69 strain), and clinical signs
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2 University of Veterinary Medicine
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794 Serum Haptoglobin and Fibrinoge
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complete random design (CRD). The r
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- Ca, Mg, K, and Ca:P ratio were lo
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818 Cerebral Coenurosis in a Goat:
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concentrations of the goat milk, in
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was significant and showed that bre
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cm long and 1/48 cm diameter. Middl
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circular external skeletal fixator
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847 Llama Anesthesia for Orthopedic
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28 Preliminary Results of a General
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Israeli commercial dairy herds cons
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109 Association between Johne’s D
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195 Changes in Plasma Beta-Carotene
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In the last year 2006, in the perio
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serious economic concern in the fat
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was a cumulative incidence rate of
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The level of antibodies produced in
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1096 Determination of Risk Indicato
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ParaCheck, CSL/Biocor, Australia (C
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1111 The Prevalence of Hock Lesions
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Objectives: To evaluate two differe
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1126 Relationships between Paratube
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1134 A Comparison between Two Calf
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The present work aimed to investiga
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University College Dublin, School o
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214 Cystic Ovarian Diseases in Dair
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inseminator were tested in regressi
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University of Nottingham, Animal He
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tissue (8,6 cm 2 ) was twice as lar
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libido in unmotivated males. Simila
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groups according to their diameter
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improve embryonic development are m
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in each sample). On day 0, 104 cows
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1 Warsaw University of Life Science
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and durable spermatozoa. Within the
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motility and CM integrity (p=0.869
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the median number of attempted moun
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909 The effect of “GnRH” and
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3 COOPEVOLIA, Centre Zootechnique,
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923 Production of Bovine Blackleg V
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Institute of Physiology and Sanocre
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2 University College Dublin, Animal
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(I.M.) 1 mg of estradiol cipionate
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Lameness results in major economic
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methods; ANOVA (with binary classif
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Initially two radiographs were obta
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number of positive faecal samples d
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Pfizer Animal Health, Veterinary Me
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Key words: calf, active immunity, p
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1 University of Camerino, Veterinar
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vaccinated (Group II) with Pastobov
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# Antigens Association in diarrhea
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1015 Prevalence of Eimeria Infectio
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group showed higher serum lactate c
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thymus in calves and heifers with c
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concentrations of calves with umbil
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The goal of this paper is to expose
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187 Cooling Strategies to Improve M
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inspections, carried out by specifi
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The origin of Hungarian Grey cattle
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University of Warmia and Mazury in
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POSTER ABSTRACTS 1225 The Effect of
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multiple fracture (n=1, 1.3%). The
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position. A fusiform skin incision
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Conclusions: It is the first presen
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1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, A
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of 101.55±4.94 mmHg. Afterwards th
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In Mexico, there is a wide variety
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Cardiovascular disorders are common
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Conclusion: The total contamination
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Material and methods: The trial inc
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Page 298 and 299: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK
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Page 338 and 339: Notices 336 XXV. Jubilee World Buia
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