Oral and Poster Abstracts

395 Development of a Program for Disaster Situations and
Animal Health Emergencies in the X th Region of Chile
G. Monti, G. Ramirez, M. Amtmann
Universidad Austral de Chile, Institute Preventive Veterinary
Medicine, Valdivia, Chile
Objectives of study: It aimed to aware farmers, practitioners and
authorities on the need and strategic importance of develop for animals,
a comprehensive emergency plan or program for disaster situations
(natural or man-made) or animal health emergencies and to mitigate
physical and economical consequences of calamities though disaster
preparedness.
Materials and Methods: The team consists in a Veterinary
Epidemiologist, a Rural development and technology transfer specialist
and a Public Officer specialized in Public Health. The target audience
was farmers, practitioners, governmental authorities, veterinary
students and NGO aid-organizations of the X th region of Chile. The
team tackled the problem by using an approach known as social
marketing (defined asIt consist in participative discussion through
creation of mechanisms that integrate all participants (including social
organizations) for the strategic design of a preparedness plan, with
indicative documents that facilitate the processes that incorporate risk
or uncertainty in the planning of such plan. Expert eliciting techniques
were also used.
Results: Several meetings with different stakeholders (farmers,
practitioners, governmental authorities, military and police forces,
veterinary students and NGO aid-organizations) took place.
Farmer’s perception of risk was focused on different issues in
comparison with governmental authorities.Chilean society is
undergoing changes in its attitude toward animals. Two of the most
important changes are the urban’s society’s increasing acceptance of
companion animals as family members and the increasing
productivity of the animal production units in rural areas. Concurrent
with this change, there is a growing appreciation of the value of the
human-animal bond, improved food safety and sustainability aspects
(conservation of the environment, land use and quality of life.
Veterinary disaster preparedness interfaces with all of these issues
because they all can become threatened and disrupted in disasters.
Conclusions: The project was constructed on the existing knowledge
development of mitigating disaster focused in a cluster of
multidisciplinary team that together contribute towards achieving a
common problem-oriented objective.
Key words: preparedness, disasters, community
396 Flunixin Meglumine (Finadyne ® , Banamine ® ) in Pain
Management of Cattle: Pharmacology and Applications
A. Skidmore 1 , J. Roder 1 , J. Van De Ven 2 , P. Cloet 3 , A. Montgomery 4
1
Schering Plough Animal Health, Livestock Technical Services,
Canyon, United States
2
Schering Plough Animal Health, Brussels, Belgium
3
Schering Plough Animal Health, Levallois-Perret Cedex, France
4
Schering Plough Animal Health, Harefield, United Kingdom
Flunixin meglumine (Finadyne ® , Banamine ® ) is a potent, nonsteroidal,
non-narcotic analgesic with anti-inflammatory, antiendotoxic
and anti-pyretic properties for use in cattle. Veterinary
products containing flunixin are widely registered for cattle and
widely used by veterinarians. In cattle, flunixin (Finadyne ®
Solution) is indicated for the control of acute inflammation
associated with respiratory disease. It has also been shown to have
some benefit in the treatment of experimental acute bovine
pulmonary emphysema (Fog Fever). Flunixin also may be used as
adjunctive therapy in the treatment of acute mastitis in dairy
cows. The pharmacology of flunixin is important to understand prior
to therapeutic use in pain management. Flunixin is a weak acid
(pka=5.82) and is highly protein bond to plasma proteins in cattle (>
99%). After intravenous administration, flunixin (2.2 mg/kg) had a
peak plasma concentration of 16.16 ± 5.28 mcg/ml. The unbound
(free) flunixin is widely distributed throughout the body and exhibits
a long elimination half life (6.87 ± 0.49 hours). In horses, flunixin
persists within inflamed tissues and is responsible for anti-
Miscellaneous
inflammatory properties well beyond the time of detectable plasma
concentrations. In calves, flunixin administration (2.2 mg/kg i.v.)
resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 11.8 µg / h mL -1 and
27.6 µg / h mL -1 in the plasma and acute inflammatory exudate,
respectively. This gives an exudate to plasma ratio of 2.3 for flunixin
indicating greater penetration of the drug in the inflammatory
tissues. Flunixin has shown to significantly improve the pain, edema
and temperature (signs of local inflammation) in endotoxin-induced
mastitis of dairy cattle. Flunixin treatment (1 mg/kg) was also
associated with reduction in depression in cows with endotoxininduced
mastitis. In another study, flunixin treatment (2.2 mg/kg)
with an intramammary antibiotic in dairy cows with mastitis reduced
the sensitivity to pain. In registration studies in the USA for a
mastitis claim, flunixin (Banamine ® ) showed a significant reduction
in pain (p=0.0199), swelling (p=0.017) and pyrexia (p