Oral and Poster Abstracts

to the umbelicus. The arteries normally should atrophy after one
week of age, but in some cases (8 cases) of artery abscessation we
found two echoic tubular structures caudal to the apex of the bladder.
Pervious uracho: a fluid-filled sac (anechoic structure with a thin
wall) with a cord running from the apex of the bladder to the
umbilicus. Umbelical vein abscess: the abscess is positioned
between the umbilicus and the liver; the ultrasound exam is
fundamental in these cases for to determinate the size of the abscess
and the liver damage, in particularly the ultrasound exam help the
surgeon to decide if a marsupialization in necessary.
Conclusion:
Key words: umbilical, disease, field, ultrasound, approach
979 General Anesthetic (Propionylpromazine and Xilazine
Hydrochloride) Usage in Penis Deviation Surgery for
Marker’s Bulls
F. Hidalgo y Teran
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia – Unam, Dept. de
Produccion: Rumiantes, Mexico
When field testing Bayva1450, 40 years back, the manufacturer told
us this product was powerful enough to put bovine to sleep. Clearly
we needed to learn how to use it in bovine practice. At that time we
used Propionylpromazine as preanaesthetic and sedative, together
with high amounts of local anaesthetic. They told us could be used
for minor surgery, and could do without Propionylpromazine
altogether. However, when we used, we found it had no sedative
effect; it only provoked chemical arresting and muscular relaxation.
After recovery, animals were irritated & aggressive. Effect duration
began at 20 min. and for no more than 45 min. by IM application.
Propionylpromazine effects began 60 min. after IM application,
being long lasting with good sedative effect for 7 to 20 hrs. Dosage
employed was as follows: Propionylpromazine: intramuscular shot,
2 ml per 100 kg of body weight Xilazine: intramuscular, 1.5 ml per
each 100 kg body weight In order to assure sought results, maximum
dosage had to be used, for both drugs. Usually, in the field we were
able to rig a makeshift operation table out of two iron containers and
a door. The animal’s head was left hanging free because excessive
ptialism, and also because ordinarily some ruminal content comes
out of its mouth. The area around the penis is shaven, as well as
another previously selected spot. Asepsis is achieved by means of
10% iodine solution in these parts, and for the surgeon and assistant
hands as well. Zinc sulfate ointment was used for after-surgery
protection. An atropine sulfide shot is administered after surgery is
finished; water is spilt over the animal’s head, which greatly
contributes to its prompt recovery. Soon the animal wake up and is
able to walk out of the place by its own means. On these grounds, I
have concluded that using Propionylpromazine as preanaesthetic,
and Xilazine as general anaesthetic, excellent anaesthetic effects
were obtained, effective for 2 hours beginning after 20 min after
injection of Xilazine; this lapse of time is more than enough for penis
surgery with having to resort to local anaesthetics, with excellent
overall results.
980 Control of Vaginal and Rectal Prolapses by
Pneumoperitoneum in Sheep - Cases report
M. Ferreira 1 , V. Gheller 2 , L. Oliveira 2 , I. Borges 1 , G. Macedo Junior 1
1 Escola de Veterinária da UFMG, Departamento de Zootecnia, Belo
Horizonte, Brazil
2 Escola de Veterinária da UFMG, Departamento de Clinica e
Cirurgia Veterinaria, , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Vaginal prolapse is the eversion of the internal structures of the
female reproductive system as an intussusception-like folding of the
vaginal floor just cranial to the vestibulovaginal junction. The
discomfort caused by eversion, associated with irritation and
swelling of the exposed mucous, results in the increase of the extent
of prolapse. The consequences can be fatal, depending on the extent
of involvement of the urinary tract, with narrowing of the urethra and
bladder rupture. Vaginal prolapse commonly occurs in cattle and
sheep, usually in adult females during the last months of pregnancy.
The predisposing factors include increased intra-abdominal pressure
associated with an enlarged uterus, intra-abdominal fat, increased
concentrations of circulating estrogen and relaxin during the final
stage of pregnancy causing relaxation of the pelvic structures and
perineum, hypocalcemia, high prolificacy, and obesity. Rectal
prolapse is a common condition that affects sheep, pigs, and cattle.
The prolapse always results from an increase in intrapelvic pressure
and therefore accompanies conditions such as tenesmus, diarrhea,
frequent coughing, obesity, vaginal prolapse, and vaginal irritation.
Particularly in sheep, excessively short tail docking predisposes to
rectal prolapse. Amputation of the tail at the sacrococcygeal junction
results in marked atrophy of the muscles of the tail, which permits
excessive movement of the rectum to occur. For the reduction of
prolapse, both vaginal, or rectal, usually proper cleaning and
reduction of local swelling are done, followed by the reversal of the
structure and containment of the muscles by Bühner suture around
the perineum to ensure that another episode does not occur until the
predicted date of delivery. An alternative technique to control the
tenesmus and decrease the incidence of recurrence is the permission
of air entrance within the peritoneal cavity. The technique of
pneumoperitoneum was used to replace the surgical procedure in
two confined crossbred LacaunexSanta Inns sheep, which showed
vaginal and rectal prolapses in the last month of pregnancy. After the
reduction of prolapses, a 40gauge needle was introduced in the right
flank of the animals, 2cm below the transverse process and caudal to
the last rib, allowing the entry of air into the peritoneal cavity and
reversal of the internal pressure. The animals carry the gestation to
term, both twin deliveries, without recurrences.
981 Atlas of Bovine Soft Tissue Endoscopy. New Learning Tool
for Veterinary Students and Bovine Practitioners
I. Schlup 1 , M. Wegmüller 2 , M. Stoffel 3 , A. Steiner 1
1 University of Berne, Clinic for Ruminants, Bern, Switzerland
2 University of Berne, Virology, Bern, Switzerland
3 University of Berne, Anatomy and Embryology, Bern, Switzerland
Introduction: Over the past years, endoscopic examinations in
veterinary medicine became increasingly important and markedly
improved the range of clinical diagnostic procedures. Endoscopic
techniques such as theloscopy, tracheoscopy, rhinoscopy,
oesophagoscopy, cystoscopy and laparoscopy are of special interest in
bovine medicine.
Objectives: In order to make our vast experience in soft tissue
endoscopy of cattle available to a wider audience, we decided to work
up our case collection into an electronic atlas.
Results: At the Clinic for Ruminants of the Vetsuisse-Faculty of
Berne, Switzerland, an average of 15 endoscopies are performed per
month, 90% of which are of diagnostic significance. Our
documentation is based on clinical cases of a three years period (2004-
2007) and contains more than 60 sequences of pathological findings
and about 30 sequences (250 screen shots) of physiological situations
for comparison and some representative examples of endoscopically
guided surgical interventions. Frequently diagnosed pathologies
include teat obstructions, retropharyngeal processes and affections of
the upper respiratory and the urinary tracts. Endoscopically guided
surgical interventions include theloscopic removal of distal teat
obstructions and fixation of the abomasum. The electronic atlas is
based on the popular flash-format, which is suitable for web
distribution as well as for distribution on DVD. For development we
used Adobe Flex 2.0, image and video editing was done with Adobe
Fireworks 8.0 and Adobe Premiere Elements 3.0, respectively. All
endoscopic examinations were performed with instruments produced
by Karl Storz Endoskope, Germany (http://www.karlstorz.com). Swiss
federal animal protection law was strictly respected at all times.
Conclusions: The electronic atlas represents a suitable learning tool of
bovine soft tissue endoscopy and endoscopically guided surgical
interventions for veterinary students and practising veterinarians,
allowing visual insight in a variety of disease processes. The full
version will be available on DVD by the end of 2008. A Demo version
is currently accessible at http://www.wiederkaeuerklinik.unibe.ch/
lenya/wiederkaeuerklinik/live/lehre/elektronischelehrmittel.html
Key words: bovine endoscopy, electronic atlas, theloscopy,
laparoscopy, oesophagoscopy
982 Orthopedic Treatment in Ruminants
E. Tellez, I. Castro
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Facultad de Medicina
Veterinaria y Zootecnia, 2nd Department of Large Animals Clinic,
Mexico City, Mexico
Surgery, Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Diagnostic Imaging 265