Oral and Poster Abstracts

Cardiovascular disorders are commonly found in dairy cattle. Clinical
examination of the circulatory system to qualify heart function will
reveal increased venous tension and presence of the jugular venous
pulse. Both, jugular vein and mammary vein are manually examined to
determine the central venous pressure (CVP). In patients with
progressive decrease of cardiac capacity CVP is often increased, and
leads to palpable veins and a jugular venous pulse that reaches the arch
of the lower jaw and a pulse that can be counted at the mammary vein.
The aim of this study was to examine the relatedness between results
from clinical examination and results from invasive measurement of
intracardial and pulmonal pressures. Eleven cows were both clinically
examined and their blood pressure was measured invasively by Swan-
Ganz. Procedures were carried out in 3 clinically healthy cows (1), 2
adult cows with a clinically diagnosed ventricular septal defect (VSD);
2), 3 cows with a clinically diagnosed endocarditis (3) and 3 cows with
a clinically diagnosed pericarditis (4). Diagnosis of group 3 and 4 were
confirmed by post-mortem examination. Venous tension (jugular vein)
was increased in all cows of group 3 and in all cows of group 4. A
pulsing mammary vein was palpable in 1 cow of group 3 and 2 cows of
group 4. None of the cows of group 1 and of group 2 showed any signs
of elevated CVP. The intracardial pressure curve of 1 cow of group 3
showed an unusual form of the jugular pulse, an increase of the c-wave,
which could be interpreted as a leakage of the RAV valves. The
intracardial pressure curves of cows of group 3 were unusual. One curve
showed increased a-waves of the jugular pulse giving the impression of
a stenosis of the RAV valve, the other two showed an wedge curve with
increased waves which might be du to leakage of the LAV valves. The
post-mortem of group 3 revealed cardiomypathy in one case,
endocarditis of the aortic and pulmonic valves in one cow and
endocarditis of all valves in the third cow. Post-mortem results of group
4 confirmed pericarditis and no macroscopic lesions of the heart
valves. In this study cows with pulsing mammary veins had an elevated
CVP except one cow with a VSD. A pressure curve of the right atrium
316 Fungal and Mycotoxins Contamination in Food, Feed and
Milk Samples from Selected South African Rural Areas: a
Really Health Issue?
M. Mulunda, M. Faneli, M. Dutton
University of Johannesburg, Food, Envirronmental and Health
Research Group, Johannesburg, South Africa
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi, which may
contaminate feed and food at all stages of the food chain. Their
global occurrence is considered as an important risk factor for
human and animal health, as up to 25% of the world crop production
may be contaminated with mycotoxins. The main objective of this
study was to evaluate food and feed quality with respect to fungi and
their mycotoxins in selected rural areas of South Africa. In this
study, 100 samples of animal feed, 150 of staple foods (Maize, corn,
porridge, nuts) and 50 samples of fresh milk obtained from cattle and
goats were analysed for fungi and mycotoxins contamination. All
feed and food samples were cultured and sub cultured on Ohio
Agricultural Experimental Station agar (OAESA) or Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA), Czapek 20 (CY20S), Czapek (CZ) and Malt extract
agar (MEA) under aseptic conditions and incubated at 28 °C for 4 to
7 days for fungi isolation and identification. The multi mycotoxin
extraction method, the thin layer chromatography (TLC), VICAM
immunoaffinity column, high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry and the
ELIZA immuno assay kits were used for mycotoxin determination
and quantification and confirmation. Aspergillus niger, A. clavatus,
A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium verticillioides, F. graminerium
and F. proliferatum were the most prevalent contaminant fungi in
100 % of analysed samples. Fumonisin B 1 and B 2 (0.4 - 800 µg/kg),
aflatoxin B 1 (0.13-61ppb), zearalenone (0.001-11ppm) and
deoxynivalenol (0.2-11ppm) were found, respectively, in 68%; 76%;
78% and 74% of analysed samples. The methods used for mycotoxin
analysis were found to be reliable as most of the results received by
various kind of methods were found to be in good agreement.
268 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008
Food Safety
with a higher c-top, probably caused by leakage of the RAV valves, was
found in only one animal with a venous pulse of the mammary vein.
Key words: central venous pressure, cardiac failure, cattle
991 Ear Trimming in a Neonate Lamb due to Pyogranulomatosis
A. Raayat Jahromi, A. Meimandi Parizi, A. Khodakaram Tafti
School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,
Clinical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Ear surgeries are uncommon in ruminants, because of drugs are
effective enough in most ear injuries; and only in rare conditions
surgery is needed. Ear brief injuries in ruminants whit no
complications will not have a serious consequent; but infections may
interfere with auditory abilities. A neonate lamb with a very big and
thickened ear was referred to Veterinary teaching hospital of School
of Veterinary Medicine of Shiraz University. A small superficial
wound had occurred in convex surface of ear two weeks ago and
only disinfection of the wound with no other treatments was done.
After some days, depression, anorexia and head shaking were
observed followed by more enlargements in affected ear. In clinical
examination, the ear was too swelled so that the head was deviated to
the same side. Its external surface was keratinized and the lesion was
extended to near the external ear canal. In clinical examination; heart
rate and respiratory rate were normal but rectal temperature revealed
a moderate fever. Under general anaesthesia, the ear was fully
trimmed and the edges were sutured by simple interrupted of 0 nylon
and the external ear canal left open. In microbiologic and pathologic
studies, Staphyloccus aureus (coagulase positive) was isolated from
the mass and pyogranulomatous dermatitis was reported. Penicillin
and flunexin meglumin were administered for 3 days postoperative.
There was no complications in 2 months postoperative follow up.
Key words: ear trimming, lamb, pyogranulomatosis
Aflatoxin M 1 was detected at 25.0-108.4 ng/l in 100% of milk
samples on ELIZA and 80% on VICAM test. Traces of fumonisin B 1
(0.1-0.2ng) were detected in 2 % of milk samples tested. Finally a
cytotoxicity essays were carried on lymphocytes using fumonisins
and aflatoxins standards and extracts with positive dose response
toxicity results. The results obtained from this study might be among
factors contributing to health problems faced by animals and human
population due to chronic exposure to these contaminated feed or
food characterised by immunosupression, abortion, infertility,
mycosis, liver and oesophageal cancer inboth animals and human.
Key words: mycotoxin, fungi, cytotoxicity, health
317 Virulence-, and PFGE Profiles of Verotoxigenic and
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O157 Strains in Hungarian
Cattle
I. Tóth 1 , G. Kardos 2 , H. Schmidt 3 , J. Pászti 4 , B. Nagy 1
1
Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of
Sciences, Enteric Bacteriology and Foodborn Zoonoses, Budapest,
Hungary
2
National Veterinary Institute, Microbiology, Debrecen, Hungary
3
University of Hohenheim, Food Microbiology, Stuttgart, Germany
4
National Center of Epidemiology, Phage and Molecular Typing,
Budapest, Hungary
Vetoroxin producing Escherichia coli (VTEC), of ruminant origin
have been implicated in epidemic or sporadic cases of
enterohaemorrhagic diseases (EHEC), and haemolytic uremic
syndrome (HUS) of man in several countries. In Hungary, only
sporadic cases have been identified from mainly unknown sources
due to the predominant E. coli serotype O157:H7. In this study we
wanted to reveal the nature and frequency of bovine sources of
possible human infections by a cross sectional microbiological study
of one large dairy herd and of 4 abbatoirs in Hungary. For this
purpose faecal and raw milk samples of the large dairy farm and
rectal and colon samples of cattle from the abattoirs were tested,