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number of positive faecal samples divided by the number of samples taken. Herds with low (LM) and high mortality (HM) were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Chi-square test. The mortality risk was 0-2% (median 1%) in LM herds and 6-24% (median 9%) in HM herds. The proportion of dead calves that died at young age were sigificantly higher in HM herds (p=0.004) than in LM herds. The pathogen score was significantly higher in HM herds (p=0.04), indicating that infections with multiple pathogens were more common in HM herds. Cryptosporidium spp. tended (p=0.06) to occur more often in HM herds. Another tendency was that the first pen in which calves were housed after the calving pen was cleaned more often in LM herds (p=0.09). HM herds treated diarrhoea with antibiotics significantly more often (p=0.002). Failure of passive transfer (total protein < 55 g/l) occurred significantly more often in the HM herds (p=0.02). LM herds started to feed calves with concentrates earlier (p=0.005) and tended to offer pelleted commercial calf starter more often (p=0.058). There was also a trend (p=0.07) that LM herds offered calves roughage earlier in life. The results indicate that gastrointestinal disorders may be an important cause of calf mortality in large Swedish dairy herds and that improved colostral management, hygiene, and feeding routines, and a controlled use of antibiotics may reduce the problems. Key words: calf mortality, diarrhoea, management 223 Rapid Assay Evaluation to Detect Different Enteropathogens in Calf Faeces D. Klein, A. Kern, G. Lapan, V. Benetka, K. Möstl, A. Hassl, W. Baumgartner University of Veterianary Medicine, Clinic of Ruminants, Vienna, Austria Objective of study: The different aetiologies of calf diarrhoea without specific symptoms make the diagnosis and consequently an appropriate treatment and prevention difficult for veterinarians. Conventional diagnostic methods to detect the most important enteropathogens in diarrhoeic calves require time, experience and special laboratory equipment. Therefore rapid assays for detection of bovine coronavirus, rotavirus A, Cryptosporidium parvum and Escherichia coli F5 have been developed.These rapid immunomigration/immunochromatographic assays have been evaluated in the field. Material and Methods: Faecal samples of diarrhoeic and healthy neighbour calves from randomly chosen farms in Austria were included in this study. Results: Rapid tests for the detection of bovine coronavirus and rotavirus showed a high specificity but a relatively low sensitivity compared to RT-PCR. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of C. parvum were high. All results of the E. coli rapid assay were in accordance with bacteriological cultivation. Conclusion: The C. parvum and E. coli F5 test showed an excellent specificity and sensitivity and can be recommended to the practising veterinarian. Because of limited sensitivity the fast tests for the examined viruses are useful rather on herd level than in single individuals. 224 Comparison of Different Strategies for the Therapy of Acidosis in Calves with Neonatal Diarrhea I. Lorenz 1 , G. Haase 2 , W. Klee 2 2 University College Dublin, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland 2 University of Munich, Clinic for ruminants, Munich, Germany The aim of this prospective study was to determine, if and to which extent differences on a clinical and laboratory diagnostic level exist between rapid versus slow correction of metabolic acidosis in calves with neonatal diarrhea. Among the calves admitted to the Clinic for Ruminants between February, 2004, and March, 2005, 82 calves up to 3 weeks of age were included in this study. Further selection criteria were diarrhea, and metabolic acidosis with a base excess between -15 and -26 mmol/l. Exclusion criteria were hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, and illnesses that had an influence on posture or behavior. According to the formula bodyweight x base deficit x 0.6 the calves of both groups were given the respective amount of sodium bicarbonate, either within one hour as a 4.2 % solution, whereupon 0.9 % sodium chloride was given during the following 23 hours in volumes corresponding to the estimated fluid loss, or as 224 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008 constant drip infusion over 24 hours which contained both the calculated amount of bicarbonate as a 1.4 % solution and 0.9 % sodium chloride which was estimated on the basis of clinical dehydration.At the initial examination and after the treatment by infusion on the second day careful attention was paid to posture, behavior, sucking reflex, palpebral reflex and tension of the tongue. Blood samples were taken upon admission of the animals and after completion of the fluid therapy on the second day. Calves in which acidosis was corrected rapidly showed statistically significantly lower pH, base excesses and HCO 3 - concentrations on the second day compared to the calves of the other group; but these variations were not clinically relevant. Thus no differences between the two groups could be diagnosed by taking into consideration all the clinical parameters recorded. Likewise, no differences between groups with regard to milk intake after the end of fluid therapy could be detected. Especially calves that were quickly compensated were often underdosed with HCO 3 - by using the dosage factor 0.6. Nevertheless, in practice, it can be recommended to treat calves with an initial rapid bicarbonate infusion to insure correction of acidosis, and thus amelioration of the general condition. In order to avoid t relapses, calves should be treated subsequently with additional amounts of bicarbonate or other buffer substances intravenously or orally according to dehydration status and sucking behavior. Key words: calf diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, therapy, sodium bicarbonate 268 Efficacy of Metaphylactic Florfenicol Therapy during Natural Outbreaks of Bovine Respiratory Disease B. Catry 1 , L. Duchateau 2 , J. Van de Ven 4 , G. Opsomer 1 , F. Haesebrouck 3 , A. De Kruif 1 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Ghent, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Merelbeke, Belgium 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Ghent, Department of Physiology and Biometrics, Merelbeke, Belgium 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Ghent, Department of Pathology, Baceriology and Poultry Diseases, Merelbeke, Belgium 4 Schering-Plough Animal Health, Brussels, Belgium The efficacy of an injectable formulation of florfenicol (Nuflor ® , Schering-Plough) as metaphylactic control of naturally occurring BRD was evaluated in two double blind randomly controlled field studies on two Dutch veal calf herds (A and B). he number of animals enrolled in trial A and B were 351 and 344 respectively. Cattle in the direct environment of calves with clinical respiratory disease were randomly allocated to treatment with 40 mg/kg florfenicol, a positive control treatment (12.5 mg/kg tilmicosin p.o. BID for 5 consecutive days in herd A, and 12.5 mg/kg doxycycline p.o. BID for 5 consecutive days in herd B), or a negative control (1 placebo saline administration on D0). n both trial A and B, a statistical difference (P
269 Evaluation of the Role of Clostridium perfringens Type A in Bovine Neonatal Diarrhoea C. Manteca 1 , G. Czaplicki 2 , A. Ginter 3 , J. Bughin 4 1 CEVA santé Animale, Livestock Business Unit, Libourne, France 2 ARSIA, Animal Health Department, Loncin, Belgium 3 Bio X, R&D, Jemelle, Belgium 4 ARSIA, Animal Health Department, Ciney, Belgium Objectives of the study: Cl. perfringens type A is today well known to induce enterotoxaemia in cattle. This study tries to highlight the putative role of alpha toxin produced by Cl. perfringens type A in acute enteritis of neonatal calves. To reach this goal, prevalence in diarrheic calves, macroscopic and histological lesions and results of an oral inoculation have to be described. Materials and Methods: Seventy one diarrheic and 249 normal faecal samples from BB and Holstein calves in Belgium and in France were examined by ELISA for the presence of alpha toxin, rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp. Classic aerobic analysis and agglutination tests (F5, F17, CS31A) were performed to check the presence of potential pathogenic E. coli and BVD presence was checked by IFA. Necropsy and histology cases have been performed to precise enteric lesions. Diarrhoea apparition after oral inoculation of a calf with a toxigenic Cl. perfringens type A strain in liquid media have been compared with symptoms in a calf inoculated with broth only. Results: Alpha toxin was detected in 7 (10%) diarrheic calves and in 2 (0,8%) normal calves. In diarrheic animals, pathogenic E. coli (51%), Cryptosporidium spp. (32%), Rotavirus (27%), Coronavirus (15%) and BVD (3%) were also detected. None Salmonella spp. have been isolated. Alpha toxin was detected without any other enteric pathogen in 2 cases. In these last cases, necropsy showed mainly an acute jejunoileitis with a yellow mucoid content, a hemorrhagic aspect of serosa and a local acute and congestive adenitis. Histological lesions seem mainly consist in a superficial desquamation of mucosa. Calf inoculated with toxigenic Cl. perfringens type A showed a catarrhal diarrhoea and uninoculated calf didn’t. Conclusions: Alpha toxin could be a frequent aetiology of neonatal diarrhea in calves. This pathogenic role of alpha toxin is today already well known in swine. In this species, we have showed that vaccination against alpha toxin and a specific antibiotherapy is able to improve considerably the clinical situation. More studies must be carried out to confirm this conclusion and to check efficacy of vaccination in cattle. Key words: Clostridium perfringens, alpha toxin, enteritis, calf 270 Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea in Problem Farms Solved in 5 Easy, Simple and Cost Effective Steps J. Van De Ven Schering Plough Animal Health, Brussels, Belgium On 27 farms in the Netherlands with neonatal calf diarrhoea a simple diagnostic plan was implemented to help pinpoint the mayor infectious and management causes. Inclusion criteria for farms was a minimum prevalence of 50% diarrhoea among calves of 0-21 days of age. Step 1: Anamnesis Step 2: Faecal examination for rota/coronavirus, E.coli K99 and C.parvum was done using on farm dipsticks (Biox Diagnostics, Belgium). Step 3: The transfer of passive immunity was evaluated by determining the IgG values in serum (GD, Netherlands) of calves 2-7 days old (n=5/farm). Step 4: The colostrums quality of cows (n=20/farm) was measured cow-side using a colostrum density meter (CER Marloie, Belgium). Step 5: The effect of vaccination with an E.coli/rota/corona vaccine (Rotavec ® corona, Schering-Plough) was investigated by vaccinating all cows during a 2,5 month period. C. parvum was the most diagnosed pathogen on 51,85% of the farms. On 30 % of the farms rota/coronavirus or E. coli or a combination of these 3 pathogens was identified and on 50 % of the farms one or more of the 3 mentioned pathogens were found in combination with C. parvum. On 18,18% of the farms the average colostrum quality of all cows was less than 50 g/l. On only 9,09% of the farms the average colostrums quality was >100 g/l. The average IgG found in serum of calves was 9,62 g/l. On 18% and 61% of the farms the average IgG value was < 5 g/l and 40.0°C, and abnormal respiratory pattern, and depression), the animal was treated with a single sc injection of 2ml Resflor®/15kg bodyweight, providing 40mg/kg florfenicol and 2.2 mg/kg flunixin. The rectal temperatures of the patients were measured again after 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, and after 3 and 14 days. After 1, 3, and 14 days the clinical examination was repeated. The intake of milk replacer being offered twice daily was assessed for 4 consecutive days and the daily weight gain was calculated using the individual body weights on day of arrival and 21 days later. 50 animals fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were treated with Resflor ® . 30 animals stayed healthy and were used as negative control for the criteria milk replacer intake and weight gain. The reduced intake of the milk replacer offered of about 91.5% (SD 22.9) in sick animals returned to values as in healthy animals (98% to 100%) until the subsequent feeding. There was no reduction in daily weight gain in treated animals (390g, SD 291) compared to the healthy animals (365g, SD 307). A rapid decrease of the initial rectal temperature of 40.48 °C (SD 0.35) to 39.39 °C (SD 0.40) after 3 hours was observed. This temperature stayed between 38.62 °C and 39.1 °C (SD 0.44 and 0.43) during the observation period. The depression observed in all animals at enrolment improved to 8%, 0%, and 9% of the patients after 1, 3, and 14 days. Respiratory signs were observed in all animals at inclusion, and in 10%; 0%, and 9% of the animals after 1, 3, and 14 days. It could be demonstrated that a combined antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment leads to a rapid improvement of pyrexia, and a rapid return to normal feed intake resulting in non-inferior body weight gains compared to healthy animals. 272 Intranasal Followed by Systemic Vaccination is an Optimal Vaccination Schedule for Young Calves against Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Type 3 Virus I. Vangeel, R. Raue IgG low IgG High Rota Use Colostrum meter Housing Hygiene/ E. coli Implementation of Disinfection Corona Colostrum bank Temporary vaccination Vaccination (Vaccination in high Risk periods=Peak calving periods) Crypto Use Colostrum meter Halofuginone Implementation of Day 0–7 after birth Colostrum bank once daily Halofuginone Hygiene/Disinfection Day 0–7 after birth once daily Strict individual housing Hygiene/Disinfection Strict individual housing Both Combination of above Combination of above categories Calf Physiology, Management and Diseases 225
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130. évfolyam Különszám II. Vol
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The World Buiatrics Congress (WBC)
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lood and liver tissue. Absolute vit
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RNS causes increased lipid peroxida
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An experiment was conducted to stud
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2 Hungarian Institute of Agricultur
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and plasma HCO 3 - increased from H
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Materials and Methods: Serum sample
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vitamin A stores in liver, the hypo
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andomly assigned to one of five tre
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observed in group II of the animals
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The aim of the monitoring was to co
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health group (HG) categories for an
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lactating cows is sparse. Lotan and
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491 Effect of Acarbose on Milk Yiel
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499 Secondary Hepatogenous Photosen
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they all died in a two to three day
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and HCO 3 level. The concentration
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amount of saponins was observed in
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Water was offered ad-libitum. Feed
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Se, I and Co) more than 500 blood s
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541 Variability of Blood Profile an
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evaluated, highly significantly gre
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we measured sensitivity of the enti
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were 0.17; 0.13 °C (Max.: 0.73). D
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calving pregnancy period were the b
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2 University of Nottingham, Departm
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animals) was treated with 5 mg enro
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In dairying, good management practi
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Somatic cell count (SCC) is one of
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This investigation was run in some
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eproductive data showed that cows f
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(3.6%) and others (Bacillus spp., N
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602 Coagulase Gene Polymorphism of
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2 Institute of Veterinary Bacteriol
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an important part of the pathogens
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4 Universidade de Sao Paulo, Clinic
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incubated for one hour at 37 oC. Af
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In Belgium, an increasing amount of
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Conclusion: It can be concluded tha
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calves recovered after 4 to 10 days
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disease. Thus losses were estimated
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635 Prevalence of the Pulmonary Les
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Conclusions The sanitation program
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Italy. After the sample examination
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Results: The cows sera were collect
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(Mb) as co-infecting agent is becom
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distributed over 13 different fatte
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main infection sources to the urban
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686 Characterisation of Cattle Orig
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using EPFC. The intradermal tubercu
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three cattle farms each. Leptospiro
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(cELISA) only to definitively confi
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1 Islamic Azad University of Shahre
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Financial support: CNPq, CAPES, FIN
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731 Detection and Investigation on
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necropsied, tissue samples were tak
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aseline values. The mean HCO 3, PCO
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immunization with either the curren
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decrease in animal aggregation in p
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747 Effect of Dietary Supplementati
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755 Study of Pulmonary Adenomatosis
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1 University of Erciyes, Faculty of
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2006 was observed a small decreasin
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for O69 strain), and clinical signs
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2 University of Veterinary Medicine
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794 Serum Haptoglobin and Fibrinoge
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complete random design (CRD). The r
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- Ca, Mg, K, and Ca:P ratio were lo
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818 Cerebral Coenurosis in a Goat:
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concentrations of the goat milk, in
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was significant and showed that bre
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cm long and 1/48 cm diameter. Middl
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circular external skeletal fixator
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847 Llama Anesthesia for Orthopedic
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28 Preliminary Results of a General
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Israeli commercial dairy herds cons
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109 Association between Johne’s D
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195 Changes in Plasma Beta-Carotene
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In the last year 2006, in the perio
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serious economic concern in the fat
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was a cumulative incidence rate of
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The level of antibodies produced in
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1096 Determination of Risk Indicato
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ParaCheck, CSL/Biocor, Australia (C
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1111 The Prevalence of Hock Lesions
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Objectives: To evaluate two differe
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Page 178 and 179: 1134 A Comparison between Two Calf
Page 180 and 181: The present work aimed to investiga
Page 182 and 183: University College Dublin, School o
Page 184 and 185: 214 Cystic Ovarian Diseases in Dair
Page 186 and 187: inseminator were tested in regressi
Page 188 and 189: University of Nottingham, Animal He
Page 190 and 191: tissue (8,6 cm 2 ) was twice as lar
Page 192 and 193: libido in unmotivated males. Simila
Page 194 and 195: groups according to their diameter
Page 196 and 197: improve embryonic development are m
Page 198 and 199: in each sample). On day 0, 104 cows
Page 200 and 201: 1 Warsaw University of Life Science
Page 202 and 203: and durable spermatozoa. Within the
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Page 206 and 207: the median number of attempted moun
Page 208 and 209: 909 The effect of “GnRH” and
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Page 212 and 213: 923 Production of Bovine Blackleg V
Page 214 and 215: Institute of Physiology and Sanocre
Page 216 and 217: 2 University College Dublin, Animal
Page 218 and 219: (I.M.) 1 mg of estradiol cipionate
Page 220 and 221: Lameness results in major economic
Page 222 and 223: methods; ANOVA (with binary classif
Page 224 and 225: Initially two radiographs were obta
Page 228 and 229: Pfizer Animal Health, Veterinary Me
Page 230 and 231: Key words: calf, active immunity, p
Page 232 and 233: 1 University of Camerino, Veterinar
Page 234 and 235: vaccinated (Group II) with Pastobov
Page 236 and 237: # Antigens Association in diarrhea
Page 238 and 239: 1015 Prevalence of Eimeria Infectio
Page 240 and 241: group showed higher serum lactate c
Page 242 and 243: thymus in calves and heifers with c
Page 244 and 245: concentrations of calves with umbil
Page 246 and 247: The goal of this paper is to expose
Page 248 and 249: 187 Cooling Strategies to Improve M
Page 250 and 251: inspections, carried out by specifi
Page 252 and 253: The origin of Hungarian Grey cattle
Page 254 and 255: University of Warmia and Mazury in
Page 256 and 257: POSTER ABSTRACTS 1225 The Effect of
Page 258 and 259: multiple fracture (n=1, 1.3%). The
Page 260 and 261: position. A fusiform skin incision
Page 262 and 263: Conclusions: It is the first presen
Page 264 and 265: 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, A
Page 266 and 267: of 101.55±4.94 mmHg. Afterwards th
Page 268 and 269: In Mexico, there is a wide variety
Page 270 and 271: Cardiovascular disorders are common
Page 272 and 273: Conclusion: The total contamination
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detection of M. wenyonii infection.
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390 Study on Attenuation Mechanisms
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POSTER ABSTRACTS 1152 Detection of
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digestion. It works only on Apicomp
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determined. In addition the surface
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Africa and Europe, which causes mor
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Results: On D0, the animals include
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addition of mineral salt, during 12
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digestion could be improved with im
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Ltd., Blandford Forum, UK). The air
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cattle ocular squamous cell carcino
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pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK
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Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV)
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significantly lower in groups vacci
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5.00+0.67 and 4.94+0.15 mEq/l in th
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potable water and food, avoiding st
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equal distributions at 08:00 and 16
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electrochemical properties of the a
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Selenium was discovered as an essen
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growth by measuring BW at 15-day in
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influence of different risk factors
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performances of primiparous cows ar
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anaerobes. Aerobic bacteria isolate
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P4 12 to 24 hours before calving is
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exists about Mb prevalence in dairy
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frequency of animals with BoHV anti
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esults, supported by a decrease in
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international drivers of change. Th
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The performance of two groups of no
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spasm is accompanied by kyphosis, w
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occurrence of a crisis of stiffness
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Notices 336 XXV. Jubilee World Buia
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