Oral and Poster Abstracts

2 Purdue University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences,
West Lafayette, United States
Urine contains 5 strong ions (high Na, K, Cl, and low Ca, Mg) and 4
buffers over the physiologic range for urine pH (2 volatile buffers
[bicarbonate and ammonia] and 2 non-volatile buffers [phosphate,
creatinine]. Translating physicochemical approach to urine it is
hypothesized that the primary determinants of the urinary pH are the
strong electrolyte concentrations represented by the strong ion
difference (SID) [(Na +K)- (Cl)] urine. The theoretical polynomial
relationship between SID vs pH and SID vs HCO 3 in simulated urine
containing strong ions and normal pCO 2 predicts very high urine
bicarbonate concentrations (>200 mEq/L). Normal urine samples were
collected from 5 mature Holstein dry cows and analysed on a multianalyzer
system (Hitachi 911) for concentrations of Na, K, Cl, and
TCO 2. PH (pH meas) was measured using an Accumet-benchtop pHmeter.
The pH (pH calc) was then calculated using SID in the Stewart 8
model equation on an excel spreadsheet (MS Office 2003) with pCO 2
kept at 40 mmHg and individual SID from each urine sample (table).
The high level of bicarbonate concentrations observed in urine
confirms that bicarbonate is a dependent variable adjusting to
concentration of SID based on dissociation equilibria and law of
electroneutrality. Electrolyte intake and renal excretion are very closely
correlated and alkaline pH in urine of ruminants is strongly associated
with surplus strong ion intake, especially with diets high in potassium
concentrations. There was good correlation between pH calc and pH meas
in this small sample size. Electroneutrality was off, indicating
measurement problems with ion specific electrodes. In conclusion pH
and bicarbonate concentration (TCO 2) of urine are primarily dependent
on SID.
Strong electrolytes, bicarbonate (TCO 2) and pH in Urine of 5 dry cows
Na K Cl SID pH calc pH meas TCO 2 E-
(mEq/L) (mEq/L) (mEq/L) (mEq/L) (mEq/L) Neutrality
(mEq/L)
10 388 143 255 8.4 8.5 229 -26
108 276 110 274 8.4 8.4 227 -47
129 246 204 171 8.2 8.4 91 -80
37 306 133 210 8.3 8.3 148 -62
95 320 178 237 8.4 8.5 218 -19
Key words: acid-base, urine, strong-ions, electrolytes, pH
518 Fat Mobilization Syndrome and Blood Coagulation in Cows
K. Waldau-Ringel 1 , M. Müller 2 , M. Fuerll 1
1
University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Leipzig,
Germany
2
University of Leipzig, Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Leipzig,
Germany
Objectives: During the fat mobilization pro- and anti-inflammatory
cytokines are released from the adipose tissue. These could cause a
circulatory insufficiency and the lipolysis is increased by insulin
inhibition. Dystocia with placental retention and endometritis following
bacterial determined endotoxin release are caused by enhanced cytokine
development. Cytokines could activate the coagulation cascade, so that
hemostasis disorders and a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy are
found. The aim of the study was to evaluate, if dairy cattle with fat
mobilization syndrome or endometritis have coagulation disorders in
dependence of disease at admittance into the clinic.
Material and methods: Blood was collected from 60 cows, which
were admitted into the clinic because of abomasal displacement and
accompanied diseases. From these 60 cows, a basal therapy was given
to group 1 (n=25) and additional a single dose dexamethasone was
given to group 2 (n=25). 10 cows died in spite of intensive care.
Comparative 36 healthy cows were tested. The numbers of
thrombocytes and leucocytes were analyzed in EDTA blood and a
number of haemostatic parameters like prothrombin time (PT),
fibrinogen (FIB), reptilase time (RT), Antithrombin (ATIII), fibrin
degradation products (D-Dimers), factor XIII (F XIII) and the activated
protein C (APC) in citrated blood. Additional as acute phase proteins
haptoglobin and Procalcitonin (PCT) were tested.
Results: 50 cows could discharge from clinic after 4 days. 6 cows died
within 24 hours and 4 cows died after 4 days. Fibrinogen was increased
at first day and decreased while treatment. Antithrombin and factor
XIII decreased in cows which died faster than in cows which were
cured. The fibrin degradation products were slightly increased and
were sunk while treatment. Cows, which died, had highly increased d-
Dimers. Procalcitonin and haptoglobin were increased in ill cows and
decreased during treatment.
Conclusions: Dairy cattle which suffer from fat mobilization
syndrome or endometritis have a poor prognosis concerning the acute
phase proteins fibrinogen, haptoglobin and procalcitonin and the
haemostatic parameters especially antithrombin, factor XIII and d-
Dimers. A single dose of dexamethasone has no adverse effects to the
coagulation, but shows a stabilizing effect. An additional
administration of heparin is indicated.
Key words: cattle, blood coagulation, fat mobilisation syndrome,
coagulation disturbances
519 Oxalates Plants: Reviewed of Eco Toxicological Aspects
among Farm Animals
M. Abdallah 1 , T. Abdelkrim 2 , K. Gerard 3
1
Centre Universitaire d’El-Tarf, Veterinary Department, El-Tarf,
Algeria
2
Université d’Annaba, Biology Sciences, Annaba, Algeria
3
Ecole Vétérinaire, Veterinary Department, Lyon, France
The poisonings by oxalic acid and organic salts (the oxalates) are
especially known of the veterinary practitioners as poisoning due to the
ethylene glycol (antifreeze), which oxidized in oxalic acid in the liver,
is at the origin, in particular, of interstitial nephritis and deadly
epithelial among the domestic animals (carnivores). However, some
plant poisonings to the oxalates are not diagnosed correctly, probably
by ignorance. They are due to plants rich in oxalates and which
diagnosis is not so difficult. The aim of our work is to bring a maximum
of relative information to the eco toxicological aspect of these toxic
substances composing these plants. The example of the oxalis is given,
very rich oxalates plant that infests the natural grasslands as those
sown. The pathological aspects that especially interest the farming
activity veterinarian more that the canine practice are discussed as well
as the pathogenic aspect of the poisonings in different animal species,
especially in bovine species (cattle).
Key words: oxalates plants, oxalic acid, eco toxicology, pathologies,
cattle
520 Saponins and Pithomyces chartarum Spores Evaluation in
Pastures from Southwestern of Goiás State, Brazil
K. Brum 2 , MC. Fioravanti 1 , M. Haraguchi 3 , LA. Silva 1 ,
F. Riet-Correa 4 , JR. Borges 5 , J. Souza 1 , E. Campos 1 , M. Pires 1 ,
A. Pinto 1
1 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária, Goiânia,
Brazil
2 Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande,
Brazil
3 Intituto Biológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
4 Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saude e
Tecnologia Rural, PATOS, Brazil
5 Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Veterinária, Brasília, Brazil
Brachiaria species are important forages in tropical areas. In Brazil, there
are around 51 millions of hectares that are feed sources to livestock.
Outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitization have been reported in
ruminants grazing B. decumbens and B. brizantha. The disease was
attributed to the presence of Pithomyces chartarum spores, but recent
studies suggest that the steroidal saponins contained in the forage could
initiate photosensitization outbreaks. General objectives of this study
were verify if the quantity of protodioscin, a steroidal saponin, and the
spores quantity variation during the year; and to inquire if the saponin
was present in other forages that was grazing by the animals. With two
month of interval, six harvests was taken in ten farms located in Jataí,
Mineiros and Perolândia cities of the southwestern region of Goiás State,
Brazil. The spore count was made second a standard technique. The
butanol-soluble residue containing saponin was submitted to thin layer
chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis using Ehrlich reagent
in 515nm. P. chartarum spores found in the pastures varied of 0 to
40.000 spores/g The number of of grass and the biggest amount was
observed in the July month (dry season in Brazil). Protodioscin was
isolated only in B. decumbens and B. brizantha leaves; the biggest
Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 35