Oral and Poster Abstracts

organisms during birth. Humans become infected by coming into
contact with animals or animal products contaminated with the
bacteria. The objective of this study was to examine brucellosis
surveillance and livestock immunization data in order to make
recommendations that can improve brucellosis prevention and control
programs in Jordan.
Methods: All health directorates in Jordan electronically report the
number of cases of confirmed and probable human brucellosis to the
Ministry of Health weekly. Confirmed human cases of brucellosis are
diagnosed by standard Coombs tube agglutination test. Clinically
compatible cases with supportive serology (Rose Bengal test) and
epidemiologically linked to confirmed cases are defined as probable
cases. The Veterinary Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture collects data
on livestock and immunization. The study period was 2001 to 2006.
Results: 1,137 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Jordan
during 2001 to 2006. The mean yearly number was 190. Mean yearly
human brucellosis incidence was highest in Mafraq (30/100,000
population) and Karak (12) Governorates. Mafraq (4:1) and Karak
(3:1) have the highest mean animal-to-human density of sheep and
goats in Jordan. Human cases vary by month of occurrence; most cases
(651; 57%) were from May to August and few cases (214; 19%) were
from October to February. Immunization of sheep and goats in Jordan
increased from 15% in 2002 to 46% in 2006.
Conclusions: Human cases of brucellosis cluster geographically in areas
with high density of sheep and goats. Occurrence of human cases parallels
the spring-summer birthing pattern in animals. Human brucellosis is
highly underreported. WHO burden of disease studies estimate there may
be 3,000 human cases a year in Jordan. There does not appear to be any
recent change in the incidence of human brucellosis or animal disease.
New surveillance methods to identify more cases will be explored, such as
following up recipients of antibiotic prescriptions typically used in
brucellosis treatment. The Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Health
increased immunizations to almost 2 million animals in 2006, but
effective prevention will require sustained efforts to maintain high
immunization levels, particularly in Mafraq and Karak.
640 Comparison of Biochemical Profiles of Hydatid Cyst Fluids of
Echinococcus granulosus from Different Hosts in Iran
A. Eslami 1 , P. Khazraii 2 , M. Heidarpour 2 , Hr. Mohamadi 2
1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Department
of Parasitology, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Department
of Clinical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hydatidosis (echinococcosis) is caused by the cystic larval. Stage of
Echinococcus granulosus, is recognized as being one of the world’s
major zoonoses. Hydatidosis is endemic in Iran where many domestic
animals including sheep, goat, cattle and camel act as intermediate
hosts, while dog coyote and wolf act as final host of E. granulosus.
There are nine host adapted strains of E. granulosus. The strain
characterization is particularly important in regions where more than
one species of live stock intermediate host exist and where there is the
possibility of different cycles of transmission and source of infection
for humans. Biochemical studies are useful in differentiating strain
variations of E. granulosus in different countries. 15 sample of hydatid
fluids were collected from the lung and liver of each host (i.e. sheep,
cattle and buffalo).The concentrations of triglycerids, cholesterol,
glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, magnesium, calcium,
phosphorous, LDH, ALP, AST, CPK, GGT, Na and K + were
determined. The biochemical profiles of lung and liver in these hosts
were compared with each other. Hydatid fluids from the lung cysts of
sheep contained significantly more glucose, uric acid, magnesium and
LDH than those of cattle; but there were no significant differences on
the concentration of other factors in hydatid fluids from lung cysts of
these two species. There were other similarities and significant
differences in the biochemical composition in hydatid cyst fluids of
different hosts which can assist in the characterization of the host origin
of infectivity in human being.
641 Vaccinia Virus in Humans and Cattle in Southwest Region of
Sao Paulo State - Brazil
J. Megid 1 , C. Appolinario 1 , R. Carreira 1 , H. Langoni 1 , M. Pituco 2 ,
L. Okuda 2
1 UNESP- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences,
Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Botucatu, Brazil
2
Instituto Biológico, Laboratorio de Viroses de Bovideos, Sao Paulo,
Brazil
Although human vaccine was erradicated in the world and the
vaccination programs stopped, outbreaks of Vaccinia Virus has been
reported in several states and regions of Brazil from which different
types of Vaccinia Virus (VV) were isolated and characterized.
Recently, Trindade et al (2007) studied the origin and diversitiy of
Brazilian Vaccina Virus isolated evaluating the possibility that those
could represent an escaped vaccinal strain. The authors reinforce the
persistence of vaccinia virus in Brazil and other parts of the world
despite the smallpox eradication campaign and the concept that the
vaccinal strain could no more exist in nature.
Objective: In this paper we report another cases of Vaccinia Virus
infection in cattle and humans in the southwest region of Sao Paulo state
in Brazil. The disease was observed in several small dairy farms with
manual milking. Lesions varying from vesicules to ulcers were observed
in the teats of the cattle and mouth of one calf. Milkers presented lesions
in the hands and one child, 11 years old, presented lesions in mouth and
nose. The age of the milkers ranged from 47-63 years old.
Material and Methods: Crusts and swabs were collected from the
animals that presented lesions in initial and healing stages.Crusts and
swabs were maintained in Eagle Minimal Essential Medium (MEM)
with penicilyn (500U/mL) and mycostatin (10 µg/mL) and maintained
in refrigeration and sera were freezed. The material was processed for
virus isolation and PCR assays.
Results: A Vaccinia Virus was isolated in cell culture from all crusts
and confirmed by PCR assay.
Conclusion: Outbreaks of Vaccinia Virus in cattle in Brazil has been
frequently reported. Lesions are observed in animals as well as in
humans older than 40 years previously vaccinated against variola. This
paper reports the characterization of new focus of Vaccinia Virus in
Brazil and reinforce the susceptibility of humans previously vaccinated
against variola to the circulating strain of vaccinia virus.
Key words: Vaccinia Virus, cattle, human, outbreaks, public health
642 Mycoplasma bovis Sanitation Program in a Dairy Herd using
Baytril 100/Max and Biosecurity Measures
D. Gevaert 1 , P. Passchyn 2
1 Bayer SA-NV, Animal Health Division, Brussels, Belgium
2 DAP De Toren, Veterinary Medicine, Torhout, Belgium
Objectives of the study: A sanitation program in a dairy herd with
bovine respiratory disease (BRD) initiated by Mycoplasma bovis was
tested.
Materials and Methods: A dairy herd of 117 Holstein Friesian cattle
suffered since 2001 from BRD: relapses and growth retardation
(calves) + chronic coughing (adults). Tilmicosin and tulathromycin
treated calves relapsed after 14 days. Calves are housed individually up
to 2 weeks, followed by group housing in 3 age groups (1, 2, 3 months)
in the same stable. The calves are vaccinated against IBR, Pasteurella
haemolytica, Parainfluenza and BRSV. Sanitation program: Step 1:
herd visit + analysis of the spread of M. bovis using ELISA serology.
Step 2: enrofloxacin (Baytril 100/Max) treatment + biosecurity
measures. Step 3: follow-up visits.
Results: Step 1: the M. bovis antibody prevalence increased with age:
25% in calves