Oral and Poster Abstracts

circular external skeletal fixator (CESF), “Ilizarov”, was chosen: 3
complete (1 proximal and 2 distal to the fracture) and 1 half (olecranon)
aluminium ring(s) were connected by use of 3 threaded connecting
rods. Under fluoroscopic guidance 2.0mm Kirschner wires were
placed, secured to the rings and tensioned. Recovery from anaesthesia
was uneventful. The first day, the alpaca was very painful, but
radiographic control showed a good fracture repair. After handling the
alpaca, an acute, non-weight bearing, left forelimb lameness was
detected and a displaced Salter-Harris type 1 fracture of the apophysis
of the ulna was diagnosed on radiographs. During a second surgery, the
fracture was reduced and fixed using a ”tension-band“, wiring
technique. Despite two fractured and surgically repaired forelimbs, the
alpaca was able to stand-up alone and walk around within 24 hours
after the second surgery. Twelve days after the 2 nd surgery, the alpaca
was discharged from the hospital. Follow-up radiographs showed
good, normal healing in both forelimbs and intact fixation material.
After 9 weeks, the CESF was removed under general anaesthesia, but
the cortical screws and “tension band” were left in place.
Outcome: The fractures healed without complications and the alpaca
became completely sound.
Conclusion: This report shows that bilateral surgical fracture repair
and the use of “Ilizarov” in alpacas are not a “mission impossible”.
Key words: alpaca, fracture, circular external skeletal fixator
143 The Survey of Cystic Lithioasis in Camelids
M. Zaeemi, Z. Khaki
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Clinical
Science, Tehran, Iran
Camel is one of the most resistant animals in dehydration and arid
climate. So it still used in desert area like central and Southern regions
of Iran. In spite this fact there isn't enough information about camel and
its diseases. Because of high ability in urine concentration, increase the
probability urolithiasis in comparison with other large animal, that
could induce obstruction and rupture in urinary bladder etc. 140 urinary
bladders of camel were studied (male: 130, female: 10). Urolithiasis
was reported only in adult, male camel, including two stones about 0/6
- 0/8 mm diameter and 0/4 gr weight, with rough and hard surfaces.
Like in other animals they are composed of Ca. Appearance urine
analysis was similar to normal samples in clearance, pH, color, specific
gravity. 1. Microscopic analysis: Presence of cells in urinary sediment
(RBC, WBC, Epithelialcell) wasn't observed significant differences
with nomal samples. 2. Microbial culture: Candida albicans from 2
cultures medium and E. coli from 4 of them were separated, but any
microorganisem was separated from urolithiasis sample. 3.
Biochemistry tests: Enzymatic activity of ALP, AST and GGT in 22
samples was measured. Only E. coli infected samples have increased
activity of AST, ALP without any changes in the activity of GGT.There
is a significant relation between E. coli infection and increasing of
AST, ALP activities. Therefore it can be index of E. coli infection. But
urolithiasis has significant relation with neither presence E. coli nor
increased activity of these enzymes. Of course because of insufficient
urolithiasis cases haven't high statistical value.
Key words: camel, urolithiasis, cystic lithiasis, urinary bladder
144 Normal Arthoscopic View of the Fetlock Joint in the
Dromedary Camel
M. Ali
Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Surgery, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
The present study was carried out on the fetlock joint and pastern of the
dromedary camel for description of its normal arthroscopic view.
Arthroscopy was performed on four joint specimens and three
anaesthetized animals to evaluate its efficacy and to study the
arthroscopic portal of the joint and the problems that could be occurred
during and after arthroscopy. The joint capsule of the fetlock joint in
the dromedary camel posses a separate synovial sac for each digit, and
no communication between the articular cavities of the fetlock joint of
the same limb was found on the dorsal aspect. Therefore two
arthroscopical portals (lateral and medial) were required. The most
suitable site for distention of the joint capsule before athroscopy was
through the proximal- palmar pouch as the distal palmar pouch was
small and difficult to be palpated and injected. The site of the puncture
was at the center of the groove bounded by the collateral branch of the
M. interosseous medius and large metatarsus at a point of 1 cm
146 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008
proximal to the joint. The current study revealed that arthroscopy of the
fetlock joint through the lateral portal allowed examination of the distal
end of the metacarpal bone and the proximal end of the first phalanx of
the digit IV. The medial portal allowed examination of the peripheral
part of the distal end of the first phalanx of the digit III. For complete
examination of the joint cavity, two portals (lateral and medial) were
also required. The palmar portals allow examination of the proximal
sesamoid bones, the synovial membrane, and the synovial villi.
Key words: Dromedary Camel, arthroscopy, fetlock joint
184 Investigations of Endo- and Ectoparasites in Camels
(Camelus Bactrianus) in the Great Lake Depression of
Western Mongolia
D. Zaspel 1 , A. Koehler 1 , R. Sodnomdarjaa 2 , M. Baumann 3 ,
P. Clausen 1
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute
for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin,
Germany
2
State Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia
3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin,
International Animal Health, Berlin, Germany
In summer 2004 a study was conducted with the objectives (i) to estimate
the parasitological prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in serologically
positive camels or in camels with clinical signs suspected for surra, and
(ii) to estimate the level of infection with ecto- and endoparasites other
than T. evansi in camels with poor body condition or signs of myiasis in
Chandmani, Dorgon and Myangad, north-eastern Khovd, Mongolia. A
questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the importance of Bactrian
camel husbandry in the study region. The average herd size was 19, with
a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 136 heads. Camels are mainly used for
production of meat (88%), milk (77%) and manure (7%) and for paying of
dowry (15%). All camels are used as pack animals and for wool
production. Trypanosoma evansi could not be detected in any of the 154
examined camels. This finding corresponds well with the low
trypanosome antibody prevalences for camels in Chandmani, Dorgon and
Myangad, as reported earlier. An important number of camels was found
to be infected with Wohlfahrtiosis (27.9% of all examined animals); most
of them were females (83.7%) with genital affections (97.4%).
Wohlfahrtiosis was also detected in somae calves. In adult males (16.3%
infected), affections were mostly observed at the nasal region (71.4%).
Affected camels received local treatment with a pyrethroid solution called
Krilin and systemic treatment with a pour-on formulation of moxidectin
(Cydectin ® , Fort Dodge, 10 ml/100 kg).
Key words: camel husbandry, Mongolia, Trypanosoma evansi, genital
myiasis, Wohlfahrtia magnifica
185 Seasonal Effects on Morphometric Parameters of Uterine
Cornua in One-humped Female Camel (Camelus
Dromedarius) in Pakistan
Mr. Ali 1 , Dr. Sarwar 2 , Dr. Rehman 2 , Mr. Shahid 1 , Mr. Rehan 1
1 Agriculture University, Anatomy, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2 Agriculture University, Animal Reproduction, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Macro and microscopic characteristics and morphometry of different
parts of uterine horns were studied in 25 clinically healthy adult female
one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) during four seasons i.e.
winter (n = 7), spring (n = 6), summer (n = 6) and autumn (n = 6) of
Pakistan. The tissues were processed by paraffin sectioning technique and
stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E). Morphometric analysis was
done with the help of ocular and stage micrometers. The mean - SE values
of external length of both left and right horns were 12.73 ± 0.44 cm (8.90
- 17.20 cm) and 10.31 ± 0.41 cm (7.20 - 16.50 cm), internal lengths were
15.38 ± 0.56 cm (10.50 - 22.50 cm) and 12.01 ± 0.55 cm (8.40 - 19.3 cm),
thickness were 0.92 ± 0.02 cm (0.72 - 1.10 cm) and 0.88 ± 0.01 cm (0.72
- 1.03 cm), circumferences of narrow part were 9.36 ± 0.23 cm (7.50 -
12.20 cm) and 8.36 ± 0.26 cm (5.20 - 10.30 cm), circumferences of
middle were 11.13 ± 0.31 cm (8.80 - 14.30 cm) and 9.96 ± 0.29 cm (6.50
- 12.60 cm), circumferences of uterine end were 13.34 ± 0.41 cm (9.90 -
17.60 cm) and 11.73 ± 0.33 cm (8.10 - 14.40 cm). The mean - SE values
of thickness of surface epithelium of left and right horns were 19.3 ± 0.78
µm (14 - 30 µm) and 18.6 ± 0.85 µm (10 - 27 µm), thickness of glandular
epithelium were 21.2 ± 0.77 µm (14 - 30) and 20.6 ± 0.65 µm (14 - 26 µm),
number of uterine glands (per unit area = 1mm) were 10.52 ± 0.52 (6.00 -