Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

From 1980-1990, M9 developed chemical andbiological weapons, produced toxins, poisons, andlethal devices for intelligence or assassinationoperations, and tested its products on prisoners. Inthe early 1980s M9 was known as the IIS Science andTechnology Directorate, which had four divisions:Engineering, Chemical, Mechanical, and Electronics.M9/J, a subordinate section headed by Dr. Muhammad‘Abd-al-Mun’im Al Azmirli, established labsafter the start of the Iran-Iraq War for the developmentof chemical and biological weapons. Accordingto Nu’man ‘Ali Muhammad Al Tikriti, a formerdepartment director within M9/J, prisoners from AlHakamiyah Prison were used and killed by M9’sproducts in late 1983.M9/J was removed from M9 in 1990, and it wasassigned as its own directorate, M16. It retained mostof its previous structure except for the ExplosivesSection, which was removed from its ranks entirelyand also assigned as its own directorate, M21 (See theM16 and M21 sections of this annex for additionalinformation).M10, Directorate of Studies and ResearchM10, also referred to as the “analytic directorate,”was responsible for seeking, compiling, translating,and publishing open source materials from foreigngovernments, agencies, and organizations. Researchersinvestigated political, economical, social, international,and military topics and in-house linguists madetranslations. The director of M10 was Anmar LatifNusayyif Jasim Al Dulaymi.M11, The Training and Preparation InstituteThe Training and Preparation staff, approximately 70employees, prepared lectures and intelligence coursesfor both new and current IIS officers and employeeson a yearly curriculum. The director of M11 wasMu’affiq Saleh Al ’Ali Al Tikriti.M12, Directorate of AccountingHeaded by Nazar Yasin Al Maslawi, M12 wasresponsible for domestic and foreign bank accountsand IIS financial matters. Sub-directorates managedexpenditures, financial archives, and salaries, as wellas supporting the comptroller. Each IIS directoratehad an M12 officer to handle all accounting affairs ofthat directorate, such as the distribution of salaries,purchasing of equipment, food, clothing, and otherdirectorate specific items.M13, Directorate of Clandestine OperationsM13 was responsible for operational support services,such as lock-picking, surveillance photography,electronic eavesdropping, and counterintelligencefunctions at Iraqi embassies abroad. When a targetwas identified and approved for collection, M13conducted the operation. Analysis of the collectedinformation, however, was left to the requestor. M5most likely tasked M13 to collect against UN inspectors,who were monitored through wire taps, listeningdevices, and hidden cameras at the Canal Hotel,which served as the UN Headquarters in Baghdad.After Desert Storm, the High Technology Photographyand Electronics Research and Development Projectwas subsumed into the Directorate of ClandestineOperations. For this reason, M13 is also commonlyreferred to as the Technical Operations or TechnicalMonitoring Directorate.M14, Directorate of Special OperationsM14, directed by Muhammad Khudayr Sabah AlDulaymi, was responsible for training and conductingspecial operations missions. It trained Iraqis, Palestinians,Syrians, Yemeni, Lebanese, Egyptian, andSudanese operatives in counterterrorism, explosives,marksmanship, and foreign operations at its facilitiesat Salman Pak. Additionally, M14 oversaw the “ChallengeProject,” a highly secretive project regardingexplosives. Sources to date have not been able toprovide sufficient details regarding the “ChallengeProject.”M15, Directorate of Legal AffairsM15 provided the IIS officers and employees withlegal advice, handled all employees’ legal cases,reviewed all new laws that pertained to IIS officers,and implemented the laws and regulations within theIIS. While it served all of IIS, M15 primarily assistedM1 and M2.78