Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

Figure 59. JEFF Company contracts, 2002.• The MIC had contracts with the JEFF Companyfor engines and maintenance parts for the T-72 tankand Igla manportable air defense systems (MAN-PADS).• The Bulgarian company ELMET provided componentsfor Iraq’s UAV programs.• Captured documents detail the illegal procurementof missiles with tandem warheads, launcherunits, thermal imagers, test units, and simulators.The deal was brokered between Al-Basha’ir, SESInternational in Syria, and the JEFF Corporation inBulgaria for 175 Kornet antitank guided missiles(ATGMs). The contract specified that Al-Basha’irwas acting on behalf of the MIC of Iraq. Deliveryof the ATGMs was to take place in March of 2003,but it is unclear whether the delivery actually tookplace.In 1998, Bulgarian companies contracted with Iraqto provide numerous dual-use items such as ammoniumperchlorate, aluminum powder, phenolic resin,carbon fiber, and machine tools. Recovered Iraqidocumentation stated that the end use for these goodswas for the Al Fat’h missile.mixed with the ammonium perchlorate and it actsas a fuel in the solid propellant. These two chemicalsmake up the bulk of the propellant mass. Thesebasic items were used in the Iraqi Badr 2000 missilesystem, which was destroyed by UNSCOM.But the Ababil and the Ab’our missile system usedthese items in their propellant.• Phenolic resin is a very special high-temperatureresin used by Iraq to bind and hold in place thecarbon fibers.• The carbon fiber with the phenolic resin could beused in making lighter weight motor cases, nosetips, or nozzle throats. These areas experience highheat and using a light material lessens the overallweight of the missile, extending its range.• Prior to 1991, the Iraqis had made missile partsfrom carbon fiber and had expressed a desire toUNMOVIC to again use carbon fibers. Carbonfibers could also be used in the fabrication of highstrengthcentrifuges for the enrichment of uranium.For these reasons both UNMOVIC and IAEAplaced carbon fiber on their watch lists as a controlledmaterial.• Ammonium perchlorate is an oxidizer that makesup over 50 percent of the propellant weight of amodern solid propellant. Aluminum powder is114