Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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• The technology included guidance components forsurface-to-air missiles, assistance in the developmentof batteries for the latest antiaircraft missiles,providing equipment for missile research and possiblyassisting in the establishment of a college fortraining of missile expertise.• Cooperation was initiated by Iraq requesting quoteson a test stand for rocket motors, a series of gyroscopesand accelerometers for missile-guidancesystems and high precision machine tools for manufacturingmissile components.In 2000, Ukraine-Iraq relationship became publicknowledgewhen the Ukrainian Government wasimplicated in selling Iraq a Kolchuga antiaircraftradar system. President Leonid Kuchma was accusedof personally approving the Kolchuga sale, worth$100 million, via a Jordanian intermediary.• Evidence of Ukrainian Government complicity inthe sale to Iraq was based on a secret 90-secondaudio recording made 10 July 2000 by MykolaMelnychenko, a former counter-surveillance expertin a department of the Ukrainian Security Service(SBU), according to press reports. The recordedconversation involved President Kuchma, ValeryMalev, the head of Ukspectsexport, a state exportagency, and Leonid Derkach, the former SBUChairman. Kuchma allegedly authorized Derkach toexport 4 Kolchuga radar systems to Iraq via Jordan.Kuchma also gave Malev permission to bypassexport controls for the deal.• Initially, Ukrainian Government denied the allegationsbut then changed its position on the issueseveral times. First, it denied that the meeting hadever taken place. Later it admitted that the meetinghad taken place and that President Kuchma hadauthorized the sale, but argued that the sale had notbeen completed. (No Kolchugas have been found inIraq.)• It is interesting to note that the Government ofUkraine lifted export restrictions on Kolchugaradars four days after Kuchma authorized the saleto Iraq. After this deal, Ukraine and Iraq signed atrade and technical cooperation agreement in October2000. Ukraine parliament ratified the agreementin November 2001.The Iraqi IIS, MIC, and the associated MIC frontcompanies also acquired military-related goods fromUkraine. According to information obtained in aninterview with the former MIC Director ‘Abd al-Tawab Mullah Huwaysh:• In 2001, the IIS purchased five motors forunmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from the Ukrainiancompany Orliss for the MIC and Ibn Fernas.The Orliss company representative was by a femalephysician named Olga Vladimirovna. The motorswere allegedly transported from Ukraine to Iraqivia Iraqi diplomatic pouch.• In another instance an “Olga” (most likely Ms.Vladimirovna from Orliss) was known to haveassisted the MIC with a carbon fiber filament windingand insulating material project. She was also thepoint of contact, in late 2002, for a contract with anunspecified Ukrainian supplier for missile enginesand gyroscopes, but none of these items were everdelivered. The MIC only received some models ofthe gyroscopes.Figures 55 and 56 further illustrate the activitybetween the MIC, and the MIC front companies suchas ARMOS, and Ukrainian military supply companiesin 2002.In addition to gyroscopes and motors, Iraq soughtmissile fuel from private Ukrainian companies.Huwaysh stated that Iraq approached Ukraine fordiethylene triamine (DETA) and AZ-11 (a mixtureof 89 percent DETA and 11 percent UDMH). TheMIC intended to use the fuel for the HY-2 missilesystem. Iraq reportedly had approximately 40 HY-2missiles but only had sufficient fuel for 15 of them.Iraq, however, never received either the AZ-11 or itscomponents.By 2003, recovered documents and intelligenceindicate that the ARMOS Trading Company was playinga greater role an intermediary between Iraq andUkraine. ARMOS was a joint venture with a Russiancompany established by MIC to import technologyand assist in the acquisition of materials and equipmentfor MIC and other Iraqi ministries.Regime Financeand Procurement97
Figure 55. A document, dated April 2002, showing tradebetween ARMOS Trading and MontElect, signed bySergey Semenov from MontElect.98
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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and the International Atomic Energy
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The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
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Security Services (continued)The Sp
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VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
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success—reduced or suspended oil
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Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
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• The Regime also sought diplomat
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Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
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never part of the military plan cra
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• Former Minister of Defense Sult
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Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
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Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
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OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
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M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
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Structure of M14• Special Operati
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M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
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Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
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OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
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The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
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Structure of the SSO Security Branc
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The Republican GuardThe Republican
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The Republican Guard Forces Command
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Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
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[Translator Comment: they are in go
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Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
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ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
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MIC Banking and Financing .........
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A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
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Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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ents. He made all modifications to
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Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
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The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
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OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
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OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
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including abolishing universal empl
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Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
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for what they imported in 1992, pro
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Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
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stated that he believed the Russian
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documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
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were made to at least two Iraqi fro
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Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
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SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
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with an *) shows the total proceeds
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Page 188 and 189: OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
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Page 192 and 193: Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
Page 194 and 195: offices, there was only a single em
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Page 198 and 199: Although other Iraqi ministries wer
Page 200 and 201: From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
Page 204 and 205: The information provided by these t
Page 208 and 209: its real activity, which was coordi
Page 212 and 213: • In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
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Page 218 and 219: • A foreign intelligence service
Page 220 and 221: MIC Research Support at Universitie
Page 224 and 225: Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
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Page 238 and 239: Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
Page 240 and 241: Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
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Page 244 and 245: Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
Page 246 and 247: October 2001, Syrian technicians we
Page 248 and 249: • Yugoslav Federal also supplied
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Page 254 and 255: • According to captured documents
Page 256 and 257: Transportation Routes From North Ko
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Page 264 and 265: conflict, President Lukashenko inst
Page 266 and 267: Many transactions for prohibited go
Page 268 and 269: Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
Page 270 and 271: International Commodity Deception:T
Page 272 and 273: Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
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Page 278 and 279: Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
Page 280 and 281: Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
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An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
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Benzene for automobiles:If there is
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Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
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Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
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Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
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Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
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Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
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Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
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Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
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decision and issued a presidential
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• The NSC Auditing Division sent
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Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
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Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
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Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
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Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
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Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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account for half a year each, were
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Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
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ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
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truck to the Turkish border. Althou
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
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Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
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Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
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Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
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Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
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Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
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Figure 37. Department,department di
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anks for some transactions in the b
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Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
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• UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
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Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
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• An electrophoresis system inclu
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• The MIC initiated direct contac
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Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
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Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
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Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
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ack to Baghdad without repair. The
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specified that the Iraqi attendees
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• In April 1999, seven Russian en
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• The letter also indicates that
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• In another letter, SARA-M refer
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Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
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Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
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• A recovered contract dated 20 F
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9k38 portable air defense systems (
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Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
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Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
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Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
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IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
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TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
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Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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