Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

MIC Banking and Financing ............................................................................................. 66Items Procured via the MIC’s Link to Iraqi Intelligence .................................................. 69MIC Front Companies ...................................................................................................... 72Iraqi Intelligence Service .................................................................................................. 77IIS Procurement Leadership and Mission ........................................................................ 77IIS Procurement Cooperation with Foreign Intelligence Services.................................... 79Items Procured by the IIS ................................................................................................. 79IIS Front Companies ......................................................................................................... 80Special Security Organization .................................................................................................... 82SSO Procurement Leadership and Mission ...................................................................... 82Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission ............................................................................................. 82Ministry of Transport and Communication ................................................................................ 83Mission and Key Procurement Companies under the MoTC............................................ 83Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research ............................................................. 84University Collaboration With MIC.................................................................................. 84Exploitation of Academic Exchanges for Procurement .................................................... 85Ministry of Agriculture............................................................................................................... 85Ministry of Interior .................................................................................................................... 86Front Company Conglomerates: Al-Eman and Al-Handal ........................................................ 86The Al-Eman Network ...................................................................................................... 88Al-Handal General Trading Company ............................................................................. 90Regime Financeand ProcurementSupplying Iraq With Prohibited Commodities....................................................................................... 93Overview ................................................................................................................................... 93Procurement Suppliers During the Decline Phase, 1991 to 1996 .............................................. 93Romania ........................................................................................................................... 93Ukraine .............................................................................................................................. 95Jordan .............................................................................................................................. 100Procurement Suppliers During the Recovery Phase, 1996 to 1998.......................................... 102Syria ................................................................................................................................ 102Turkey ............................................................................................................................. 104South Korea .................................................................................................................... 107People’s Republic of China ............................................................................................ 108France ............................................................................................................................. 111Former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia .......................................................................... 112Bulgaria ........................................................................................................................... 113Procurement Suppliers in the Transition and Miscalculation Phases, 1998 to 2003................ 116Russia .............................................................................................................................. 116North Korea..................................................................................................................... 119Transportation Routes From North Korea to Iraq ........................................................... 121Payment Methods for North Korean Contracts ............................................................... 121Poland ............................................................................................................................. 121iii