Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions by FrenchCompaniesSummary of French involvement 1998-2003: SomeFrench businessmen sought business with Iraq duringthis period. In one instance, a French businessmanbrought a tank carrier to a weapons convention inBaghdad, and in another instance, a French electronicwarfare expert visited Iraq. In addition, the MICattempted to acquire components for the French-manufacturedRoland missile system.1998-1999: Tank Carrier Imported to IraqA letter from Aqra General Trade Company Baghdaddated 18 November 1998 requests an entry visa andreads, ‘‘Find attached herein a copy of the passportof Jean Claude, a French citizen and the manager ofthe French company Lura. Mr. Claude will bring atank carrier model to the MOD that will be suppliedto Baghdad by the end of this month. Kindly facilitatethe procedures to issue him an entry visa to Iraq, consideringthat our company will bear his stay expensesin Baghdad.’’• A second letter from Aqra General Trade CompanyBaghdad dated 8 December 1998 reads, ‘‘Referenceto our letter we would like to inform you that thevehicle (Tank Carrier) arrived at Abi Gharib [mostlikely Abu Ghurayb] Customs Department, kindlynotify the competent authorities to give Mr. JeanClaude an entry visa to Iraq ASAP.’’• A letter to the Electrical and Mechanical EngineeringDirectorate from the MoD Armament andEquipping Directorate dated 12 September 1999reads, ‘‘kindly acknowledge that Mr. Jean Claude,Manager of the French Company, Lura visited thecountry on Saturday, 11/09 to operate the Rescueand Armor Transport Vehicle stored at ModernVehicles storehouse. Kindly appoint an officer toescort the afore-mentioned with the technicians forthree or four days.’’• Another letter to the Armament and EquippingDirectorate dated 18 September 1999 from theManager of the Aqra Company, states, “Duringthe visit Mr. Jean Claude, Commercial Managerof the French company, made to Baghdad, it wasagreed, in the presence of the committee formed bythe ministry to take over and inspect the vehicle,to send a technical expert to train some specialistshow to operate the vehicle. Kindly take the necessaryactions to issue entry visas for Jean Claude,the Commercial manager and Philippe Robert, theTechnical Expert.’’1999-2000: Deputy General Manager of FrenchCompany Visits IraqRecovered documents include letters dated December1999 and January 2000 that show that the DeputyGeneral Manager of a French company calledSOFEMA planned to visit Iraq on 15 January 2000on behalf of a number of French Military Companies.Mr. Dominique Salini’s 29 December 1999 introductionletter from the al-Hadar Company is included inthe textbox below. A subsequent letter to the GMIDM6 Section from the head of Air Defense Securitydated 3 January 2000 requests an opinion on holdinga meeting with a representative from the IIS andSalini.2002: Documents Indicate French Experts VisitedIraq and Agreed to Military Technology TransferA recovered document indicates that a French electronicwarfare/radar expert met with representativesof the Al Kindi Research Facility in November 2002.The purpose of the meetings was to facilitate military-relatedmicrowave, direction finding, and passiveradar technology transfer. The translated documentsinclude military-related technology transfers and Iraqicontractual agreements with foreign manufacturers.ISG also acquired two meeting logs among the documents.• The subject meeting log indicated that on 3 November2002 an individual identified as a French expertand referred to as Mr. Cloud (possibly Mr. Claudefrom the prior paragraphs), visited the Al KindiElectronic Warfare/Radar Research, Development,Test and Evaluation Center. The Log states that theoffice of Mohammad Fadil financed Mr. Cloud’svisits to Iraq. Fadil brought Cloud to Iraq on 2 previousoccasions.Regime Financeand Procurement269
Letters Dealing With a Planned Visit of Mr. Salini of the French SOFEMA Company to Iraq in Early 2000In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Most CompassionateRepublic of IraqPresidency of the RepublicGeneral Directorate of Military IntelligenceAir Defense Security SystemSerial No. /Sect 2/Div 5/Date / /1/2000To/General Directorate of Military Intelligence/M4/Sect 6Subject/Requesting for your opinion1. Al Hadar Company “Al Hadhar Company” Letter, numbered 271, dated 29/12/1999, which has been sent byyour directorate.2. Please give us your opinion on holding a meeting between Mr. Dominique Salini, Deputy General MangerCommercial of the French Company SOFEMA, and our representatives.Please review and inform us…with our best regards.Intelligence Major General Head of Air defense Security System3/1/2000Call the company representative in Iraq (TC: Handwritten note).Waiting for the company to respond to the new appointment 17/1. (TC: Handwritten note).Letterhead.Al-Hadhar.jpgIn the Name of God, Most Merciful, Most CompassionateSerial No.: 271Date: 29/12/1999Sect 6Mr.: NR993 gentlemen (TC: There is a big scratch over the “NR993” and “Sect 6” is written in place of it)270
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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and the International Atomic Energy
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The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
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Security Services (continued)The Sp
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VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
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success—reduced or suspended oil
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Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
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• The Regime also sought diplomat
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Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
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never part of the military plan cra
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• Former Minister of Defense Sult
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Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
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Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
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OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
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M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
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Structure of M14• Special Operati
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M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
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Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
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OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
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The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
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Structure of the SSO Security Branc
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The Republican GuardThe Republican
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The Republican Guard Forces Command
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Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
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[Translator Comment: they are in go
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Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
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ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
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MIC Banking and Financing .........
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A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
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Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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ents. He made all modifications to
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Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
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The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
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OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
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OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
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including abolishing universal empl
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Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
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for what they imported in 1992, pro
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Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
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stated that he believed the Russian
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documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
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were made to at least two Iraqi fro
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Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
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SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
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with an *) shows the total proceeds
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seas accounts in Lebanon and Jordan
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and the overseas banks forwarded ac
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assets in employee-named accounts.
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OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
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necessary to accommodate the large
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offices, there was only a single em
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MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
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Although other Iraqi ministries wer
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From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
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The information provided by these t
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its real activity, which was coordi
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• In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
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officer suggested Neptune would be
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• A foreign intelligence service
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MIC Research Support at Universitie
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Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
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Supplying Iraq With ProhibitedCommo
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UNSCOM’s Operation Tea Cup (1995
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• The technology included guidanc
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Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
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Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
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Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
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cash through private sector trade o
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Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
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October 2001, Syrian technicians we
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• Yugoslav Federal also supplied
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jammers, night-vision devices, and
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• According to captured documents
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Transportation Routes From North Ko
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Materials, Equipment and Services P
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conflict, President Lukashenko inst
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Many transactions for prohibited go
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Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
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International Commodity Deception:T
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Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
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months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
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Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
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Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
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An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
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Benzene for automobiles:If there is
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Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
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Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
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Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
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Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
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Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
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Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
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Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
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decision and issued a presidential
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• The NSC Auditing Division sent
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Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
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Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
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Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
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Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
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Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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Page 356 and 357: Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
Page 358 and 359: ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
Page 360 and 361: truck to the Turkish border. Althou
Page 362 and 363: Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Page 366 and 367: Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
Page 368 and 369: Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
Page 370 and 371: Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
Page 372 and 373: Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
Page 374 and 375: Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
Page 376 and 377: Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
Page 378 and 379: Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
Page 380 and 381: Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
Page 382 and 383: Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
Page 384 and 385: Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
Page 386 and 387: Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
Page 388 and 389: Figure 37. Department,department di
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Page 394 and 395: • UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
Page 396 and 397: Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
Page 398 and 399: • An electrophoresis system inclu
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Page 402 and 403: Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
Page 406 and 407: Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
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Page 414 and 415: • The letter also indicates that
Page 416 and 417: • In another letter, SARA-M refer
Page 418 and 419: Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
Page 420 and 421: Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
Page 422 and 423: • A recovered contract dated 20 F
Page 424 and 425: 9k38 portable air defense systems (
Page 426 and 427: Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
Page 428 and 429: Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
Page 430 and 431: Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
Page 432 and 433: IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
Page 434: TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
Page 437 and 438: Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
Page 449: Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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