Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure 15. Large differences in the later phasesbetween the amount allocated under the voucher systemand the amount actually lifted was due to disruptions inIraq’s oil exports.Figure 16. The nationality of secret oil voucher recipientsby volume of oil allocated.of these large allocations included companies in theUAE as well as Elf Total, Royal Dutch Shell andothers.Figure 16 reflects the general proportion of thenationalities targeted to receive Iraq’s oil allocationsby volume of oil allocated, according to a former governmentofficial with direct access to the information.The top three countries with companies or entitiesreceiving vouchers were Russia (30%), France (15%),and China (10%)—three of the five permanent membersof the UNSC, other than the US and UK.Iraqi Oil Vouchers Provided to InternationalLeadersThe following select individuals (see Figure 17)include world leaders, senior politicians and corporateofficials, were approved by the ad hoc committee asrecipients of oil vouchers under this program (seeAnnex B: Known Oil Voucher Recipients for a morecomplete listing).The voucher list provided by SOMO includes Russianmembers of government, politicians, and businessmen.The former Iraqi Vice President Ramadan31
Mr. ZierbekMr. Azakov andMr. VelloshiaVladimir Zhirinovskyand LDPR Companies“Russian ForeignMinistry”Patrick Maugein“Raomin”Mr. Nikolayi Ryzhkovand Mr. GotzarivCharles PasquaBenon Sevan,UN Chief of the Oil forFood ProgramGovernment ofNamibiaRussianCommunist PartyRus Naft Ambix and the Russian PresidentialOffi ceA former senior offi cial in the Iraqi governmentstated that Zhirionvsky visited Iraqon a regular basisIraq considered Maugein a conduit toFrench President Chirac, according to aformer Iraqi offi cial in a claim we have notconfi rmed.Allocations were made to an individuallisted as Raomin who is further describedin the voucher allocation list as the son ofthe former Russian ambassador in Baghdad.Members of the RussianParliament (Duma)Businessman and former FrenchInterior MinisterFormer Iraqi offi cials say he received hisillicit oil allocations through various companiesthat he recommended to the Iraqigovernment including the African MiddleEast Company.Millions ofBarrels AllocatedMillions ofBarrelsLifted110.10 87.39184.278 72.51653.0 79.855.0 42.72214.0 13.19913.5 13.07112.0 11.8811.0 10.75113.0 7.2917.0 7.123Government of Yemen 5.0 4.713SukarnoputriMegawati,President of IndonesiaIraqi documents list President Megawatias a recipient of oil allocations.6.0 3.779Figure 17. Selected secret oil voucher recipients.32
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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and the International Atomic Energy
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The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
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Security Services (continued)The Sp
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VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
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success—reduced or suspended oil
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Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
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• The Regime also sought diplomat
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Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
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never part of the military plan cra
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• Former Minister of Defense Sult
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Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
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Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
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OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
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M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
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Structure of M14• Special Operati
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M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
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Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
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OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
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Page 118 and 119: Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
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Page 122 and 123: The Republican GuardThe Republican
Page 124 and 125: The Republican Guard Forces Command
Page 126 and 127: Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
Page 128 and 129: [Translator Comment: they are in go
Page 130 and 131: Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
Page 132 and 133: ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
Page 134 and 135: MIC Banking and Financing .........
Page 136 and 137: A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
Page 138 and 139: Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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Page 142 and 143: Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
Page 144 and 145: The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
Page 146 and 147: OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
Page 148 and 149: Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
Page 150 and 151: Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
Page 154 and 155: OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
Page 156 and 157: including abolishing universal empl
Page 158 and 159: Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
Page 160 and 161: for what they imported in 1992, pro
Page 162 and 163: Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
Page 168 and 169: stated that he believed the Russian
Page 170 and 171: documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
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Page 174 and 175: Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
Page 176 and 177: SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
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Page 188 and 189: OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
Page 190 and 191: necessary to accommodate the large
Page 194 and 195: offices, there was only a single em
Page 196 and 197: MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
Page 198 and 199: Although other Iraqi ministries wer
Page 200 and 201: From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
Page 204 and 205: The information provided by these t
Page 208 and 209: its real activity, which was coordi
Page 212 and 213: • In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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• A foreign intelligence service
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MIC Research Support at Universitie
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Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
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Supplying Iraq With ProhibitedCommo
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UNSCOM’s Operation Tea Cup (1995
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• The technology included guidanc
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Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
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Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
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Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
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cash through private sector trade o
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Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
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October 2001, Syrian technicians we
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• Yugoslav Federal also supplied
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jammers, night-vision devices, and
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• According to captured documents
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Transportation Routes From North Ko
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Materials, Equipment and Services P
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conflict, President Lukashenko inst
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Many transactions for prohibited go
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Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
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International Commodity Deception:T
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Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
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months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
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Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
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Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
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An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
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Benzene for automobiles:If there is
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Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
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Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
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Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
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Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
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Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
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Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
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Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
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decision and issued a presidential
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• The NSC Auditing Division sent
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Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
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Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
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Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
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Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
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Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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account for half a year each, were
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Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
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ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
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truck to the Turkish border. Althou
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
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Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
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Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
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Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
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Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
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Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
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Figure 37. Department,department di
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anks for some transactions in the b
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Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
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• UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
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Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
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• An electrophoresis system inclu
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• The MIC initiated direct contac
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Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
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Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
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Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
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ack to Baghdad without repair. The
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specified that the Iraqi attendees
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• In April 1999, seven Russian en
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• The letter also indicates that
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• In another letter, SARA-M refer
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Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
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Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
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• A recovered contract dated 20 F
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9k38 portable air defense systems (
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Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
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Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
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Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
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IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
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TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
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Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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