Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

Selected UN Security Council ResolutionsUNSCR 687, 3 April 1991—created the UN SpecialCommission (UNSCOM) and required Iraq to accept“the destruction, removal, or rendering harmless,under international supervision” of its chemical andbiological weapons and missiles with a range greaterthan 150 kilometers and their associated programs,stocks, components, research, and facilities. TheInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) wascharged with abolition of Iraq’s nuclear weaponsprogram.UNSCR 706, 15 August 1991—proposed allowingIraq to export oil to pay for food, medicine, andcompensation payments to Kuwait and cost of UNoperations.UNSCR 707, 15 August 1991—noted Iraq’s “fl a-grant violation” of UNSCR 687 and demanded thatIraq provide “full, fi nal, and complete disclosure”(FFCD) of its WMD programs, provide inspectorswith “immediate, unconditional, and unrestrictedaccess” to inspection sites, and cease all attemptsto conceal material or equipment from its WMD andmissile programs.UNSCR 712, 2 September 1991—Authorizesimmediate release of funds from escrow to fi nancepayments for the purchase of foodstuffs, medicinesand materials and supplies for essential civilianneeds, and confi rmed that funds from other sourcesmay be deposited in the escrow account to be immediatelyavailable to meet Iraq’s humanitarian needs,and urges that any provision be undertaken througharrangements which assure their equitable distributionto meet humanitarian needs.UNSCR 715, 11 October 1991—approvedUNSCOM and IAEA plans for Ongoing Monitoringand Verifi cation (OMV) to prevent Iraq from reconstitutingits WMD programs.UNSCR 986, 14 April 1995—allowed Iraq to export$1,000,000,000 of petroleum and petroleum productsevery 90 days, placed the funds in an escrow account,and allowed Iraq to purchase food, medicines, andhumanitarian supplies with the proceeds. Laid thegroundwork of what came to be known as the Oil-For-Food Program.UNSCR 1051, 27 March 1996—approved a mechanismfor monitoring Iraqi imports and exports asrequired by UNSCR 715. The mechanism allowed theUN and the IAEA to monitor the import of dual-usegoods in Iraq.UNSCR 1154, 2 March 1998—provide SecurityCouncil endorsement for a Memorandum of Understandingbetween the UN Secretary General and theIraqi Regime that governed the inspection of presidentialpalaces and other sensitive sites.UNSCR 1194, 9 September 1998—condemnedIraq’s decision to halt cooperation with UNSCOMand IAEA inspections in August 1998 as a “fl agrantviolation” of its obligations and demanded that Iraqrestore cooperation with UNSCOM. The resolutionsuspended sanctions reviews but promised Iraq a“comprehensive review” of its situation once cooperationresumed and Iraq demonstrated its willingnessto comply.UNSCR 1205, 5 November 1998—condemned Iraq“fl agrant violation” of earlier UNSCRs in suspendingcooperation with UN monitoring activities in Iraq on31 October 1998.UNSCR 1284, 17 December 1999—established theUN Monitoring, Verifi cation, and Inspection Commission(UNMOVIC) to take over the responsibilitiesmandated to UNSCOM under UNSCR 687. It alsolinked Iraqi cooperation in settling disarmamentissues with the suspension and subsequent lifting ofsanctions. UNSCR 1284 also abolished the ceiling onIraqi oil exports.UNSCR 1441, 8 November 2002—declared Iraqin material breach of its obligations under previousresolutions including 687, required new weaponsdeclarations from Iraq, and included stringent provisionsfor Iraqi compliance, including access to allsites, interviews with scientists, and landing and overfl ight rights.Regime StrategicIntent43