Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure 47. IIS front companies.Figure 48. Special Project Department M-4/8 (M19)directors.81
• The term “Trade Office” was used internally, butwhen dealing with the outside world, the name“Technical Consultation Company” was used.• The Trade Office fell organizationally under Khudayiral-Mashadani, the head of the Special Office,M1, but Walid Hadi reported directly to Tahir JalilHabbush al-Tikriti, the head of the IIS, according toan Iraqi official.The M4/8 directorate operated several front companiesin Syria. To manage these companies, the directoratewas broken down into three sections, includingcommercial, accounting, and liaison sections. Theliaison section coordinated activities between thecommercial and the accounting offices. Some of thecover companies operated by the directorate includedAl-Riat, Al-Manuria, and Al-Enbuah.The IIS used companies that had contact withthe outside world as a means of collecting foreigncontact intelligence. The organization owned andoperated a front company called Al-Huda ReligiousTourism Company. Al-Huda was also known as theAl-Dhilal Religious Tourism Company, and wasestablished after the conclusion of the Iran-Iraq warand subsequent exchange of prisoners.• The company’s ostensible purpose was to transportreligious tourists to holy places in Iraq, such asSamara, Karbala and Najaf.• The IIS created the company as a way to gainaccess to the Iranian tourists once they were withinIraq and collected information through casual illicitation.• All of the employees of the company were IISemployees.Analysis Laboratory (FEAL), conducted food stufftesting but there is no evidence to date that FEALused illicit channels to procure equipment for Iraq.• Amir Ibrahim Jasim al-Tikriti, a member of theSSO and a relative of Saddam, was sent to Polandin 2000 to work on his doctorate in mathematics.Although there he procured Volga engines andbatteries on behalf of the IIS for Iraq, according toclaims. The same source stated that this procurementrelationship was largely a result of Amir’srelationship to Saddam and not because of his SSOaffiliation.• After Abd al-Tawab Mullah Huwaysh became MICDirector in 1997, he decided that the SSO had notechnical expertise and therefore had no procurementrole with the MIC.SSO Procurement Leadership and MissionAlthough the SSO, under the direct supervision ofQusay Saddam Husayn al-Tikriti, may have played asmall role in procurement outside of the country, itis more likely that the SSO’s role in the procurementprocess was limited to securing illicit shipments onceinside Iraq. Senior members of the Regime, such asAbid Hamid Mahmud al-Tikriti, the former presidentialsecretary, were probably aware of this role for theSSO, but were most likely not directly involved in theprocess. SSO officials were also in charge of monitoringthose involved in the procurement process,like the RG and SRG, to ensure their loyalty to theRegime was maintained.• According to authorization and shipping documents,between 1993 and March 2003, the StateCompany for Marketing Drugs and Medical Appliances,Kimadia, shipped dual-use chemicals andculture media to Iraq’s SSO. The items were suppliedto SSO’s Walid Khalid.Special Security OrganizationISG has found little evidence that the SSO was usedto procure WMD materials, prohibited or dual-usegoods. This finding is consistent with the SSO’smission of domestic only operations and inherentprimary mission of securing Regime sites and leadersand monitoring the citizenry to ensure loyalty. TheSSO associated laboratory, the Food Examination andIraqi Atomic Energy CommissionAccording to multiple Iraqi sources, the IAEC wasresponsible for the development and retention ofnuclear expertise in Iraq. The IAEC most likely reliedon its own procurement department for acquiringmaterials and technology.82
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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and the International Atomic Energy
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The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
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Security Services (continued)The Sp
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VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
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success—reduced or suspended oil
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Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
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• The Regime also sought diplomat
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Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
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never part of the military plan cra
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• Former Minister of Defense Sult
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Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
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Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
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OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
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M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
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Structure of M14• Special Operati
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M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
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Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
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OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
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The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
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Structure of the SSO Security Branc
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The Republican GuardThe Republican
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The Republican Guard Forces Command
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Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
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[Translator Comment: they are in go
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Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
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ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
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MIC Banking and Financing .........
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A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
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Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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ents. He made all modifications to
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Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
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The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
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OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
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OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
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including abolishing universal empl
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Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
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for what they imported in 1992, pro
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Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
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Page 166 and 167: Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Page 174 and 175: Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
Page 176 and 177: SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
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Page 188 and 189: OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
Page 190 and 191: necessary to accommodate the large
Page 194 and 195: offices, there was only a single em
Page 196 and 197: MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
Page 198 and 199: Although other Iraqi ministries wer
Page 200 and 201: From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
Page 204 and 205: The information provided by these t
Page 208 and 209: its real activity, which was coordi
Page 212 and 213: • In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
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Page 218 and 219: • A foreign intelligence service
Page 220 and 221: MIC Research Support at Universitie
Page 224 and 225: Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
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Page 232 and 233: • The technology included guidanc
Page 236 and 237: Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
Page 238 and 239: Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
Page 240 and 241: Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
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Page 244 and 245: Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
Page 246 and 247: October 2001, Syrian technicians we
Page 248 and 249: • Yugoslav Federal also supplied
Page 252 and 253: jammers, night-vision devices, and
Page 254 and 255: • According to captured documents
Page 256 and 257: Transportation Routes From North Ko
Page 262 and 263: Materials, Equipment and Services P
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Many transactions for prohibited go
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Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
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International Commodity Deception:T
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Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
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months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
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Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
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Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
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An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
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Benzene for automobiles:If there is
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Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
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Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
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Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
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Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
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Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
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Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
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Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
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decision and issued a presidential
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• The NSC Auditing Division sent
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Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
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Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
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Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
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Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
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Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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account for half a year each, were
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Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
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ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
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truck to the Turkish border. Althou
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
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Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
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Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
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Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
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Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
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Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
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Figure 37. Department,department di
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anks for some transactions in the b
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Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
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• UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
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Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
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• An electrophoresis system inclu
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• The MIC initiated direct contac
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Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
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Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
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Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
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ack to Baghdad without repair. The
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specified that the Iraqi attendees
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• In April 1999, seven Russian en
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• The letter also indicates that
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• In another letter, SARA-M refer
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Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
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Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
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• A recovered contract dated 20 F
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9k38 portable air defense systems (
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Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
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Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
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Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
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IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
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TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
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Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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