Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Gaaod.Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure 52. The Al-Eman Network.89
• Another of Sattam’s brothers, Najib Al-Gaaod,was involved in the procurement of spare parts forRussian-made tanks as late as 2001. According tocaptured documents, Najib Al-Gaaod’s company,Al-Talh Office Co. provided an offer to the MIC for12 T-72 tank engines, dated 1 February 2000 for anet price of 900,000 Euros.• The same documents also included an offer dated 1February 2001 for spare parts of T-55 tanks.• The company letterhead stated that it had offices inMoscow, Yugoslavia, and Jordan.Although Sattam Hamid Farhan Al-Gaaod has admittedto an Iraqi who was interviewed by ISG that hewould smuggle oil out of Iraq and foodstuffs intoIraq in violation of the UN OFF agreement, he hasstated that he believed this to be legitimate business.According to the interviewee, it was unnecessary toalter the packaging of the goods to conceal the truenature of the contents, because it was only food. ISGjudges that Al-Gaaod’s statements have routinelybeen designed to overly downplay his role in theformer Regime.Sattam Al-Gaaod’s Relationship With the IIS.Al-Gaaod has denied being involved in the IIS, whileother sources have claimed that he was an activemember at least since 1993.• His brothers, Abd al-Salam Farhan Al-Gaaod, Abdal-Salam Farhan al-Gaaod, Abd al-Salam Farhanal-Gaaod, and Najib Hamid Farhan al-Gaaod wereall members of the IIS.• Sattam Hamid Farhan Al-Gaaod was able to use hisconnections with the IIS to import items prohibitedby the UN, including chemicals.The IIS frequently used businessmen with internationalconnections to import goods, includingnonmilitary goods, into Iraq. Al-Gaaod associatessuspected he had IIS links based on a number of factors.• A high-level government official observed that Al-Gaaod must have had government contacts to avoidRegime interference. He believed Al-Gaaod was inthe IIS because he was not a Ba’ath Party memberand was not in the government, yet he was a “powerfulman.”• The source asserted that, generally, IIS connectionsallowed Iraqi businesses to contact the best suppliersin other countries to obtain sanctioned items.Al-Handal General Trading CompanyClosely tied to Saddam’s family and to the IIS,the firm Al-Handal Trading received preferentialtreatment in the issuance of Iraqi procurementtenders. The head of the firm, Wadi al-Handal, hasestablished several subsidiary companies under thefirm to facilitate acquisition of sensitive goods forIraq. All of the Al-Handal connections are based inBaghdad.The Al-Handal General Trading Company wasestablished originally in Dubai to import car partsand accessories into Iraq, but in the wake of the Gulfwar, Wadi al-Handal quickly recognized that broadeninghis business line could make enormous profits.Wadi established several subsidiary companies underAl-Handal (see Figure 53). The company used twoprimary means to move proscribed equipment intoIraq. The first was using ships leaving Dubai, andsmaller items were carried on board in personal luggageand off-loaded in Basrah. Al-Handal had at leastone vessel berthed in Alhamriya Port, Dubai. Wadi’spreferred method was to use his brother in Amman,Sabah al-Handal, who owned a plastic pipe company.Equipment would be delivered to Sabah’s company,be labeled as plastic pipe or related equipment, andthen shipped onward into Iraq overland.• Al-Huda is the main holding company for Al-Handal General Trading.• Al-Huda is the mechanism Wadi used to establishand control other front companies, and much of thefirm’s acquisition business was conducted throughAl-Huda.There are at least three different front companies inIraq that use the name Al-Huda. Al-Huda ReligiousTourism Company is an unrelated, well-known IISfront that oversees and monitors tourists cominginto Baghdad to visit holy sites. Another Al-Hudacompany was owned by ‘Uday Saddam Husaynal-Tikriti. According to a cooperative source, thecompany, however, Al-Huda Industrial Holdings,owned by Wadi al-Handal, made use of the similar-90
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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and the International Atomic Energy
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The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
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Security Services (continued)The Sp
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VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
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success—reduced or suspended oil
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Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
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• The Regime also sought diplomat
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Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
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never part of the military plan cra
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• Former Minister of Defense Sult
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Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
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Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
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OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
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M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
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Structure of M14• Special Operati
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M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
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Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
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OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
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The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
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Structure of the SSO Security Branc
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The Republican GuardThe Republican
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The Republican Guard Forces Command
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Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
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[Translator Comment: they are in go
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Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
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ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
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MIC Banking and Financing .........
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A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
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Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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ents. He made all modifications to
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Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
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The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
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OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
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OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
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including abolishing universal empl
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Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
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for what they imported in 1992, pro
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Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
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stated that he believed the Russian
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documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
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were made to at least two Iraqi fro
Page 174 and 175: Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
Page 176 and 177: SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
Page 178 and 179: Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Page 186 and 187: assets in employee-named accounts.
Page 188 and 189: OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
Page 190 and 191: necessary to accommodate the large
Page 194 and 195: offices, there was only a single em
Page 196 and 197: MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
Page 198 and 199: Although other Iraqi ministries wer
Page 200 and 201: From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
Page 204 and 205: The information provided by these t
Page 208 and 209: its real activity, which was coordi
Page 212 and 213: • In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
Page 214 and 215: officer suggested Neptune would be
Page 218 and 219: • A foreign intelligence service
Page 220 and 221: MIC Research Support at Universitie
Page 228 and 229: Supplying Iraq With ProhibitedCommo
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Page 232 and 233: • The technology included guidanc
Page 236 and 237: Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
Page 238 and 239: Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
Page 240 and 241: Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
Page 242 and 243: cash through private sector trade o
Page 244 and 245: Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
Page 246 and 247: October 2001, Syrian technicians we
Page 248 and 249: • Yugoslav Federal also supplied
Page 252 and 253: jammers, night-vision devices, and
Page 254 and 255: • According to captured documents
Page 256 and 257: Transportation Routes From North Ko
Page 262 and 263: Materials, Equipment and Services P
Page 264 and 265: conflict, President Lukashenko inst
Page 266 and 267: Many transactions for prohibited go
Page 268 and 269: Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
Page 270 and 271: International Commodity Deception:T
Page 272 and 273: Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
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months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
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Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
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Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
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An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
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Benzene for automobiles:If there is
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Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
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Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
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Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
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Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
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Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
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Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
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Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
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decision and issued a presidential
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• The NSC Auditing Division sent
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Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
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Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
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Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
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Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
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Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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account for half a year each, were
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Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
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ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
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truck to the Turkish border. Althou
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
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Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
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Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
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Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
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Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
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Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
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Figure 37. Department,department di
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anks for some transactions in the b
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Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
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• UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
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Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
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• An electrophoresis system inclu
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• The MIC initiated direct contac
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Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
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Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
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Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
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ack to Baghdad without repair. The
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specified that the Iraqi attendees
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• In April 1999, seven Russian en
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• The letter also indicates that
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• In another letter, SARA-M refer
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Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
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Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
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• A recovered contract dated 20 F
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9k38 portable air defense systems (
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Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
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Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
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Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
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IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
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TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
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Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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