Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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[Translator Comment: they are in good control ofthem].Saddam: Only in case we are obliged and there is agreat necessity to put them into action. Also, all theIsraeli cities, all of them. Of course you should concentrateon Tel Aviv, since it is their center.Husayn Kamil: Sir, the best way to transport thisweapon and achieve the most harmful effects wouldcome by using planes, like a crop plane; to scatter it.This is, Sir, a thousand times more harmful. This isaccording to the analyses of the technicians (interrupted).Saddam: We should consider alternatives Husayn (Hecalled Husayn Kamil, Husayn). Meaning that if theplanes don’t arrive, then the missile will, and if themissile is intercepted, the plane will arrive.Husayn Kamil: Sir, it is rare that the missiles areintercepted.Saddam: Anyways, it is our duty to think of all thebad scenarios of this mission. Then Israel first, and ifthe Americans attack us with unconventional, harmfultypes of weapons, or at the moment we see it feasibleto attack, but as for now, put Riyadh and Jeddah astargets.Saddam: Air Force Commander [Muzahim Sa’bHasan Muhammad Al Nasiri, at the time], you shouldcoordinate with the Minister of Industry to get accessto the weapons in the shortest time possible, of coursewith a lot of consideration for the technical and safetyfactors. Also, I want to give a written authorizationto the “concerned people” that is signed by me, incase something happens to me. You know this is alife and death issue, all the orders about targets aresealed in writing and authenticated. Furthermore, forthe officials from the missile (rockets) authority, youshould coordinate with them so that they take the missileto locations. They are to inform the chief of staff,or operations commander deputy, to go to Husayn,Minister of Industry and go with the same necessaryprocedures. Regarding the chemical weapon [interrupted].Husayn Kamil: We are really in good control of it sir.Saddam: No, I mean it should be with the “takingaction” people. [Translator Comment: the people whowill execute the command; implementers.]Husayn Kamil: Sir, the chemical is available and ourestablishment is the one responsible for commutingthe weapon and supervising how it is used.Saddam: Excellent. Do you have anything stocked inthe establishment stores?Husayn Kamil: We have (empty) heads but we alsohave production all over. Not only in the factories; itis scattered.Saddam: I want you to keep in mind that by the 15 thnothing should be stored in your factories that the“enemy” can have access to.Husayn Kamil: Sir, the Ministry of defense shouldpull that “Stuff” out. The Ministry of defense alreadyordered 25% of that stuff. When and if they ask us forthe rest, we will have no problem supplying it. Sir,we are in an excellent & prepared situation regardingthe missile warheads and fighter’s bombs. They areall modified and ready for launching any time, thechemical and the germ.No conversation (sound of plates banging).Saddam: Where are the most American forces andtroops gathered and concentrated?Speaker 2: Sir, it is in Khalid Military city “MadinatKhalid,” located 60 kilometers past Hafr Al-Batenin Saudi, where the front General Command and AirForce Command are located. Most of the Americanarmy sectors, Sir, are by the coastal side in Al-Dammam, where most of the camp complexes exist.Saddam: I want these big gatherings and complexes tobe allocated properly and given to the Air Force commanderto be added to the above targets of the germsweapons. This should be done by an order to Muzahim.This is by a direct order and it has the green lightfrom me, since this mission doesn’t fall into dailyregular operations. I will issue a letter, signed by me,listing the commands and the alternative plans andprobabilities of this mission, which should be followedliterally.Speaker 2: Sir, Economically important targets suchas refineries, power plants & water reservoirs, shouldwe include them in the mission?Saddam: These locations should be put under theregular Air Force operations, and included in attacksnot on this particular mission.Regime StrategicIntent99
Husayn Kamil: Sir, these vital locations must beadded to the mission and become priority targets tothe biological & chemical weapons, because this willend all sorts of life. People are drinking water fromthese desalination plants and getting their fuel fromrefineries, thus ending the mission.Saddam: Muzahim has already written these locationsdown and will take care of it, Refineries and [interrupted].Muzahim: The Refineries and desalination plants, Sir.Saddam: May God help us do it. Then there was noconversation.Saddam: We will never lower our heads as long as weare alive, even if we have to destroy everybody.The recording continues after this for a further 48minutes, in which the participants discuss other militarymatters, such as senior command appointmentsand low-level defensive preparations. There was nofurther discussion of WMD.100
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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Page 80 and 81: The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
Page 82 and 83: Security Services (continued)The Sp
Page 84 and 85: VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
Page 86 and 87: success—reduced or suspended oil
Page 88 and 89: Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
Page 90 and 91: • The Regime also sought diplomat
Page 92 and 93: Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
Page 94 and 95: never part of the military plan cra
Page 96 and 97: • Former Minister of Defense Sult
Page 98 and 99: Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
Page 100 and 101: Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
Page 102 and 103: OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
Page 104 and 105: Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
Page 106 and 107: M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
Page 108 and 109: Structure of M14• Special Operati
Page 110 and 111: M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
Page 112 and 113: Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
Page 114 and 115: OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
Page 116 and 117: The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
Page 118 and 119: Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
Page 120 and 121: Structure of the SSO Security Branc
Page 122 and 123: The Republican GuardThe Republican
Page 124 and 125: The Republican Guard Forces Command
Page 126 and 127: Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
Page 130 and 131: Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
Page 132 and 133: ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
Page 134 and 135: MIC Banking and Financing .........
Page 136 and 137: A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
Page 138 and 139: Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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Page 142 and 143: Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
Page 144 and 145: The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
Page 146 and 147: OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
Page 148 and 149: Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
Page 150 and 151: Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
Page 154 and 155: OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
Page 156 and 157: including abolishing universal empl
Page 158 and 159: Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
Page 160 and 161: for what they imported in 1992, pro
Page 162 and 163: Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
Page 168 and 169: stated that he believed the Russian
Page 170 and 171: documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
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Page 174 and 175: Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
Page 176 and 177: SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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with an *) shows the total proceeds
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seas accounts in Lebanon and Jordan
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and the overseas banks forwarded ac
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assets in employee-named accounts.
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OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
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necessary to accommodate the large
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offices, there was only a single em
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MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
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Although other Iraqi ministries wer
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From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
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The information provided by these t
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its real activity, which was coordi
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• In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
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officer suggested Neptune would be
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• A foreign intelligence service
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MIC Research Support at Universitie
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Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
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Supplying Iraq With ProhibitedCommo
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UNSCOM’s Operation Tea Cup (1995
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• The technology included guidanc
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Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
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Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
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Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
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cash through private sector trade o
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Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
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October 2001, Syrian technicians we
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• Yugoslav Federal also supplied
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jammers, night-vision devices, and
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• According to captured documents
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Transportation Routes From North Ko
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Materials, Equipment and Services P
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conflict, President Lukashenko inst
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Many transactions for prohibited go
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Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
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International Commodity Deception:T
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Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
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months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
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Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
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Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
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An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
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Benzene for automobiles:If there is
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Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
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Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
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Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
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Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
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Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
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Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
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Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
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decision and issued a presidential
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• The NSC Auditing Division sent
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Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
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Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
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Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
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Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
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Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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account for half a year each, were
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Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
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ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
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truck to the Turkish border. Althou
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
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Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
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Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
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Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
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Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
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Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
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Figure 37. Department,department di
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anks for some transactions in the b
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Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
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• UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
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Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
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• An electrophoresis system inclu
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• The MIC initiated direct contac
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Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
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Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
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Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
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ack to Baghdad without repair. The
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specified that the Iraqi attendees
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• In April 1999, seven Russian en
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• The letter also indicates that
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• In another letter, SARA-M refer
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Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
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Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
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• A recovered contract dated 20 F
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9k38 portable air defense systems (
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Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
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Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
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Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
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IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
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TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
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Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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