Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

Methods Used To Hide Transshipment to Iraq................................................................ 121Polish-Iraqi Procurement Financial Flows ...................................................................... 122India................................................................................................................................. 122Belarus............................................................................................................................. 125Key Belarusian Individuals Linked to Illicit Trade With Iraq ......................................... 126Materials, Equipment and Services Provided by Belarus ............................................... 127Payments From Iraq to Belarus....................................................................................... 129Taiwan ............................................................................................................................ 129Egypt .............................................................................................................................. 130Yemen.............................................................................................................................. 131Opening Conventional Trade With Yemen for Oil and Cash........................................... 131Yemen Emerges as an Intermediary for Iraqi Illicit Imports........................................... 132Importing Prohibited Commodities ..................................................................................................... 133Overview .................................................................................................................................. 133Deceptive Trade Practices Supporting Illicit Procurement.................................................................. 133Use of Trade Intermediaries .................................................................................................... 133Disguising the Nature of Prohibited Goods .................................................................... 134Consealing the Identity of Commodities......................................................................... 135Discussing the Commodity’s Destination ....................................................................... 137Use of Illicit Smuggling and Transportation Networks ....................................................................... 137Smuggling by Air ............................................................................................................ 138Smuggling by Land ......................................................................................................... 138Smuggling by Sea............................................................................................................ 139Smuggling via Jordanian Ports........................................................................................ 139Smuggling via Syrian Ports............................................................................................. 142Smuggling via the Arabian Gulf...................................................................................... 142AnnexesA. Translations of Iraq’s Bilateral Trade Protocols..............................................................................145B. Known Oil Voucher Recipients.......................................................................................................167C. Iraq’s Budgetary Process.................................................................................................................201D. Iraq Economic Data ........................................................................................................................ 207E. Illicit Earnings Sources and Estimation Methodology....................................................................217F. Iraqi Oil Smuggling ......................................................................................................................... 221G. Iraq’s Banking System .................................................................................................................... 251H. UN Security Council Resolutions Applicable to Iraq ..................................................................... 257I. Suspected WMD-Related Dual-Use Goods and Procurement Teransactions ................................. 261J. The Procurement of Conventional Military Goods in Breach of UN Sanctions .............................. 267K. Suspected Intermediary and Front Companies Associated With Iraq.............................................291L. Procurement Acronyms ................................................................................................................... 295iv