Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured documents recovered shortly after OIFindicate that between 1992 and 2003 Iraq exportedcrude oil and other oil products to many countriesor their nationals, who wittingly breached UnitedNations sanctions. UNSCR 661 restricted all memberstates from importing any goods, including oil and itsderivatives, originating from Iraq.Case Studyfor weapons and dual-use materials, as well as manylegitimate day-to-day goods and supplies. In additionto dealing with oil, this company traded in itemssuch as construction materials, foodstuffs, and powergenerators to cover its real activity, which was coordinatingwith neighboring countries to facilitate thepurchase of illicit military equipment.• A former employee of more than 15 years ofthe IIS, Munir Al-Qubaysi, headed Al-Basha’ir.Because of the IIS connections, relations betweenAl-Basha’ir and the IIS were especially close. Inaddition to those ties with the IIS, the operation ofthe company was handled closely by the MIC.Regime Financeand ProcurementThe captured documents listed below indicate howIraq arranged the illicit transshipment of oil withbuyers by reference to signed contracts, letters, checkpayments and telex messages. This study includessummaries of contracts and letters exchanged betweencompanies, banks and individuals in various countriesincluding Iraq, Iran, Cyprus, France, Slovakia and theUAE. Additionally, these documents list some of theforeign companies and agents who were involved inthe smuggling activities.• Some of the Iraqi refineries were still operationalafter Desert Storm, and in spite of UN sanctions,continued to produce for export tons of gas oilthat was primarily used for firing electrical powerplants.Smugglers, using small oil transporters similar tothe one in the picture in Figure19, bribed RG navalunits on a regular basis in order to gain free passagethrough Iranian waters. To avoid Maritime InterdictionForce (MIF) patrols, these vessels would sailto the southern end of the Gulf and dart across thenarrow straights from Iranian waters to UAE territory.In the majority of these cases, the vessels wouldthen transfer their cargos of gas oil or fuel oil ontolarger tankers; it would then be transported to market.This money making scheme benefited the smugglers,Iraqis, Iranians, and oil recipients alike.The Al-Basha’ir Company was the largest frontcompany created by the MIC in 1991. The company’sname has been discovered on hundreds of contractsThe last chairman of Al-Bashair’s board of Directorswas the head of the MIC’s Administration andFinance Directorate, Raja Hasan Ali Al-Khazraji.Information from contracts found and data derivedfrom the records of the SOMO indicate that the Al-Basha’ir Company, in addition to being the largestfront company, was also a major broker in Iraqi oilsmuggling.The Jordanian Al-Basha’ir Company, the Jordanianbranch of Iraq’s most important military procurementfront company, signed contracts for the export of oilproducts from Iraq, according to SOMO records (seeFigure 20). These records indicate that Al-Basha’irsigned 198 contracts from November 1999 throughMarch 2003. We do not know if contracts were signedbefore this date. The contracts were for fuel oil, usuallysold at $30 per ton, and gas oil, usually pricedat $80 per ton. Almost all were for export by shipthrough the Arabian Gulf, although the destinationof two contracts was listed as “North,” which usuallymeans Turkey.• The value of the contracts totaled $15.4 million.This is the amount to be paid to SOMO. We do nothave information about the amount of money Al-Basha’ir earned from the trade.The following inset is a translation of a contract,signed 2 June 1992, between Al-Basha’ir TradingCompany and Al Walid Company for Export andImport. The contract states that Al Bashir agrees tosell oil to Al Walid, who was to transport the oil by221
Smuggler “Volgoneft-147”Figure 19. A smuggling tanker.Figure 20. Value ofJordanian Al Bashairoil export contracts(1999-2003).All information is from the SOMO databases.222
Page 1 and 2:
Comprehensive Reportof the Special
Page 3 and 4:
versus another. They deserve at lea
Page 5 and 6:
In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
Page 7 and 8:
UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
Page 9 and 10:
The Regime, drawing on the experien
Page 12:
December 1998. The United States an
Page 15:
The new Iraq could benefit from the
Page 19 and 20:
and the Baath party. This is a volu
Page 21 and 22:
have been important, though they ha
Page 24 and 25:
Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
Page 26 and 27:
ContentsKey Findings...............
Page 28 and 29:
AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
Page 30 and 31:
Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
Page 32 and 33:
Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
Page 34 and 35:
Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
Page 36 and 37:
• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
Page 38 and 39:
• Instead, voluminous files were
Page 40 and 41:
secure Saddam’s support for odd o
Page 42 and 43:
Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
Page 44 and 45:
solely for civilian use when the re
Page 46 and 47:
directly and continuously to him. H
Page 48 and 49:
How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
Page 50 and 51:
Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
Page 52 and 53:
to consist of was hazy. His drive t
Page 54 and 55:
Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
Page 56 and 57:
Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
Page 58 and 59:
maker asserted that either country
Page 60 and 61:
Israel“There can never be stabili
Page 62 and 63:
Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
Page 64 and 65:
this to the international community
Page 66 and 67:
Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
Page 68 and 69:
Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
Page 70 and 71:
Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
Page 72 and 73:
Selected UN Security Council Resolu
Page 74 and 75:
Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
Page 76 and 77:
ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
Page 78 and 79:
and the International Atomic Energy
Page 80 and 81:
The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
Page 82 and 83:
Security Services (continued)The Sp
Page 84 and 85:
VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
Page 86 and 87:
success—reduced or suspended oil
Page 88 and 89:
Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
Page 90 and 91:
• The Regime also sought diplomat
Page 92 and 93:
Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
Page 94 and 95:
never part of the military plan cra
Page 96 and 97:
• Former Minister of Defense Sult
Page 98 and 99:
Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
Page 100 and 101:
Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
Page 102 and 103:
OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
Page 104 and 105:
Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
Page 106 and 107:
M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
Page 108 and 109:
Structure of M14• Special Operati
Page 110 and 111:
M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
Page 112 and 113:
Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
Page 114 and 115:
OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
Page 116 and 117:
The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
Page 118 and 119:
Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
Page 120 and 121:
Structure of the SSO Security Branc
Page 122 and 123:
The Republican GuardThe Republican
Page 124 and 125:
The Republican Guard Forces Command
Page 126 and 127:
Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
Page 128 and 129:
[Translator Comment: they are in go
Page 130 and 131:
Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
Page 132 and 133:
ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
Page 134 and 135:
MIC Banking and Financing .........
Page 136 and 137:
A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
Page 138 and 139:
Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
Page 140 and 141:
ents. He made all modifications to
Page 142 and 143:
Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
Page 144 and 145:
The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
Page 146 and 147:
OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
Page 148 and 149:
Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
Page 150 and 151:
Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
Page 156 and 157:
including abolishing universal empl
Page 158 and 159:
Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
Page 160 and 161:
for what they imported in 1992, pro
Page 162 and 163:
Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
stated that he believed the Russian
Page 170 and 171:
documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
Page 172 and 173:
were made to at least two Iraqi fro
Page 174 and 175:
Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
Page 176 and 177:
SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
with an *) shows the total proceeds
Page 182 and 183:
seas accounts in Lebanon and Jordan
Page 184 and 185:
and the overseas banks forwarded ac
Page 186 and 187:
assets in employee-named accounts.
Page 188 and 189:
OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
Page 190 and 191:
necessary to accommodate the large
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
offices, there was only a single em
Page 196 and 197:
MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
Page 198 and 199:
Although other Iraqi ministries wer
Page 200 and 201:
From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
The information provided by these t
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
its real activity, which was coordi
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
• In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
Page 214 and 215:
officer suggested Neptune would be
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
• A foreign intelligence service
Page 220 and 221:
MIC Research Support at Universitie
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Supplying Iraq With ProhibitedCommo
Page 230 and 231:
UNSCOM’s Operation Tea Cup (1995
Page 232 and 233:
• The technology included guidanc
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
Page 238 and 239:
Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
Page 240 and 241:
Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
Page 242 and 243:
cash through private sector trade o
Page 244 and 245:
Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
Page 246 and 247:
October 2001, Syrian technicians we
Page 248 and 249:
• Yugoslav Federal also supplied
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
jammers, night-vision devices, and
Page 254 and 255:
• According to captured documents
Page 256 and 257:
Transportation Routes From North Ko
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Materials, Equipment and Services P
Page 264 and 265:
conflict, President Lukashenko inst
Page 266 and 267:
Many transactions for prohibited go
Page 268 and 269:
Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
Page 270 and 271:
International Commodity Deception:T
Page 272 and 273:
Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
Page 274 and 275:
months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
Page 280 and 281:
Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
Page 282 and 283:
An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
Page 284 and 285:
Benzene for automobiles:If there is
Page 286 and 287:
Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
Page 288 and 289:
Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
Page 290 and 291:
Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
Page 292 and 293:
Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
Page 294 and 295:
Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
Page 304 and 305:
Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
Page 306 and 307: Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
Page 336 and 337: Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
Page 338 and 339: decision and issued a presidential
Page 340 and 341: • The NSC Auditing Division sent
Page 342 and 343: Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
Page 344 and 345: Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
Page 346 and 347: Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
Page 348 and 349: Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
Page 350 and 351: Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
Page 352 and 353: Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
Page 354 and 355: account for half a year each, were
Page 358 and 359: ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
Page 360 and 361: truck to the Turkish border. Althou
Page 362 and 363: Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
Page 364 and 365: Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
Page 366 and 367: Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
Page 368 and 369: Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
Page 370 and 371: Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
Page 372 and 373: Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
Page 374 and 375: Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
Page 376 and 377: Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
Page 378 and 379: Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
Page 380 and 381: Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
Page 382 and 383: Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
Page 384 and 385: Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
Page 386 and 387: Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
Page 388 and 389: Figure 37. Department,department di
Page 390 and 391: anks for some transactions in the b
Page 392 and 393: Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
Page 394 and 395: • UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
Page 396 and 397: Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
Page 398 and 399: • An electrophoresis system inclu
Page 400 and 401: • The MIC initiated direct contac
Page 402 and 403: Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
Page 404 and 405: Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
Page 406 and 407:
Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
Page 408 and 409:
ack to Baghdad without repair. The
Page 410 and 411:
specified that the Iraqi attendees
Page 412 and 413:
• In April 1999, seven Russian en
Page 414 and 415:
• The letter also indicates that
Page 416 and 417:
• In another letter, SARA-M refer
Page 418 and 419:
Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
Page 420 and 421:
Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
Page 422 and 423:
• A recovered contract dated 20 F
Page 424 and 425:
9k38 portable air defense systems (
Page 426 and 427:
Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
Page 428 and 429:
Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
Page 430 and 431:
Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
Page 432 and 433:
IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
Page 434:
TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
Page 437 and 438:
Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449:
show all

Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?