Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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Letters Dealing With a Planned Visit of Mr. Salini of the French SOFEMA Company to Iraq in Early 2000(continued)Our Greeting,Mr. Dominique Salini is visiting Iraq. He is the Deputy General Manager Commercial of French CompanySOFEMA, which is considered marketing company representing a lot of French military companies. We kindlyrequest a meeting to discuss your needs with him. He will visit Iraq between the period 15/1/2000 to19/1/2000. Attached is the company catalog for reviewing.With all our respect.Attachment: Company catalog.Deputy Manager‘Isam Al ‘AqidiCopy for the branch29/12Bulgaria - Sivishtov 5250 – St. T. Milanovich No.10 A – Telefax: 00359631-25577Iraq – Baghdad – Al-Masbah Tel: 7172829- Fax: 7172738 – Telex: 213175 ISAM –P.O. Box: 4245, Sabe Abkar - BaghdadRegime Financeand Procurement271
• At the 3 November 2002 meeting, Cloud wasbrought in due to his expertise and experience inobtaining equipment in support of the Dawa II.Fadil, Cloud, and Saeed discussed technical issuesindicating he could provide solutions throughFadil’s office.• Fadil, Cloud, and Saeed also discussed the technicalspecifications of Radioson equipment, directionfinding equipment, and a land-based station thatwas tabled in a previous meeting.• Saeed, Fadil, and Cloud discussed the possibilityof obtaining or constructing a base to manufacturemicrowave parts, passive and active sensors, signalenhancers, and low distortion components. Cloudpromised to provide Saeed and Fadil with informationregarding these electronic warfare products.• A second document identified as a technicalcooperation memorandum outlines Saeed’s meetingwith Cloud. The memorandum was presentedto the General Manager of the Al Kindi ElectronicWarfare/Radar Research Center. The documentconfirms that a meeting took place as scheduledwith Saeed, Fadil, and Cloud.• Fadil, Saeed, and Cloud agreed to cooperate soCloud could facilitate the transfer of high frequency(HF), microwave, and passive radar militaryrelatedtechnology to Iraq. A memorandum of ‘‘4November’’ (probably 2002) requests permission toproceed with the technological transfer process.2002-2003: Iraq’s MIC May Have Attempted ToProcure French Roland Missile PartsA source related that Iraq attempted to acquire battlefieldand air defense technology 25 days before theonset of OIF.• Beginning in late December 2002, the Iraqi MICinitiated efforts to acquire replacement parts forthe Roland II surface to air missile system, valvesfor Iraq’s air defense system, and various otherhigh technology items with military and battlefieldapplications. These efforts were underway up until23 days before the onset of hostilities. The MICCommercial Section corresponded with MajdaKhasem Al-Khalil (a Lebanese female) who in turnmet directly with the French Thompson Companyregarding the acquisition of the missile parts.Al-Khalil later provided samples of night visiongoggles and protective Kevlar devices to the MIC.The paragraphs below describe the development ofthis effort as portrayed from the Iraqi side.• On 25 December 2002, a high level MIC officialrequested permission to acquire ‘hard cables’ forIraq’s air defense headquarters. The MIC officialsupplied Al-Khalil, Sour Debbar, and Dr. AwadAl-Souri as points of contact capable of supplyingthese materials. Al-Khalil was described as “theLebanese.”• On 22 February 2003, Ra’ed Ismail Jamil, GeneralManager of the Salahadin General Company, and aBrigadier General Hassem discussed the purchaseof parts for the Roland II system with Al-Khalil.A communication sent the same day by Jamil andHassem notified the MIC Deputy Minister that,based on his orders, they invited Al-Khalil to reach“clear and final agreements” regarding subjectsalready discussed and that they had arranged for hersafe passage with border control.• During a meeting with Jamil and Brigadier Hassem,Al-Khalil mentioned that she met with Frenchexperts regarding to rehabilitating Iraqi Roland IIparts. Al-Khalil had learned from those experts thatit was not possible to rehabilitate those parts dueto their deteriorated state, but it was possible toprovide 50 new parts at the same price to repair theold ones. The 50 new parts met the same technicalspecifications the Iraqi MIC stated for the old parts.Al-Khalil informed Jamil and Hassem that she providedthe French experts with technical questionsand designs. The aforementioned experts addressedthe questions and designs “thoroughly, clearly, andcompletely.”• On the evening of 22 February 2003, Al-Khalilpromised to have the new components within ready30 days of the ministry’s acceptance of the contract.Al-Khalil further agreed to ship the old Iraqi parts272
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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and the International Atomic Energy
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The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
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Security Services (continued)The Sp
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VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
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success—reduced or suspended oil
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Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
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• The Regime also sought diplomat
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Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
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never part of the military plan cra
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• Former Minister of Defense Sult
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Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
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Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
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OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
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M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
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Structure of M14• Special Operati
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M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
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Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
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OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
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The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
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Structure of the SSO Security Branc
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The Republican GuardThe Republican
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The Republican Guard Forces Command
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Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
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[Translator Comment: they are in go
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Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
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ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
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MIC Banking and Financing .........
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A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
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Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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ents. He made all modifications to
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Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
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The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
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OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
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OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
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including abolishing universal empl
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Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
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for what they imported in 1992, pro
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Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
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stated that he believed the Russian
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documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
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were made to at least two Iraqi fro
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Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
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SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
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with an *) shows the total proceeds
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seas accounts in Lebanon and Jordan
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and the overseas banks forwarded ac
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assets in employee-named accounts.
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OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
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necessary to accommodate the large
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offices, there was only a single em
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MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
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Although other Iraqi ministries wer
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From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
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The information provided by these t
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its real activity, which was coordi
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• In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
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officer suggested Neptune would be
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• A foreign intelligence service
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MIC Research Support at Universitie
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Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
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Supplying Iraq With ProhibitedCommo
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UNSCOM’s Operation Tea Cup (1995
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• The technology included guidanc
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Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
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Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
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Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
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cash through private sector trade o
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Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
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October 2001, Syrian technicians we
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• Yugoslav Federal also supplied
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jammers, night-vision devices, and
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• According to captured documents
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Transportation Routes From North Ko
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Materials, Equipment and Services P
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conflict, President Lukashenko inst
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Many transactions for prohibited go
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Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
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International Commodity Deception:T
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Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
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months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
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Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
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Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
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An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
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Benzene for automobiles:If there is
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Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
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Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
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Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
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Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
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Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
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Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
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Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
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decision and issued a presidential
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• The NSC Auditing Division sent
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Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
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Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
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Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
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Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
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Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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account for half a year each, were
Page 356 and 357: Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
Page 358 and 359: ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
Page 360 and 361: truck to the Turkish border. Althou
Page 362 and 363: Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Page 366 and 367: Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
Page 368 and 369: Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
Page 370 and 371: Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Page 374 and 375: Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
Page 376 and 377: Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
Page 378 and 379: Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
Page 380 and 381: Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
Page 382 and 383: Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
Page 384 and 385: Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
Page 386 and 387: Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
Page 388 and 389: Figure 37. Department,department di
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Page 392 and 393: Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
Page 394 and 395: • UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
Page 396 and 397: Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
Page 398 and 399: • An electrophoresis system inclu
Page 400 and 401: • The MIC initiated direct contac
Page 402 and 403: Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
Page 404 and 405: Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
Page 408 and 409: ack to Baghdad without repair. The
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Page 412 and 413: • In April 1999, seven Russian en
Page 414 and 415: • The letter also indicates that
Page 416 and 417: • In another letter, SARA-M refer
Page 418 and 419: Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
Page 420 and 421: Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
Page 422 and 423: • A recovered contract dated 20 F
Page 424 and 425: 9k38 portable air defense systems (
Page 426 and 427: Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
Page 428 and 429: Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
Page 430 and 431: Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
Page 432 and 433: IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
Page 434: TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
Page 437 and 438: Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
Page 449: Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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