Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFront Companies AssociatedWith IraqThe companies listed in this annex have been reportedin the Intelligence Community as front companiesinvolved with the former Iraqi Regime. Becausethere are different interpretations as to what makes acompany a front as opposed to a trade intermediaryor manufacturer, this list can be seen as an exampleCompany NameAcross Continents Trading AgencyAdel Commercial BureauAl-Abidin Investment CompanyAl-Ahliyah for Trading Agencies and Exports, Ltd.Al-Ali Trading Co.Al-Amia (AKA Global) CompanyAl-Anmar CompanyAl-Basha’ir CompanyAl-Bir Company for International TradeAl-Dahma International Trading EstablishmentAl-Dellah Travel and Tourism CompanyAl-Doha Trading CompanyAl-EmanAl-EnbuahAl-Faris State Company, Ministry of Industry and MineralsAl-Fattah CorporationAl-Fitra Trading CompanyAl-Furat Rent-A-CarAl-Ghery International CompanyAl-Hamra CompanyAl-Handal General Trading CompanyAl-Hashimy Trading CompanyAl-Hikma CompanyAl-Huda Export and Import ESTof companies that were involved in supplying theIraqi government with prohibited conventionalweapons and dual-use materials. At least two of theMIC domestic manufacturing companies, Al-Nidaand Al-Rashid, have been mistaken for front companiesin prior reporting. However, these companiesstill used known front companies such as the MIC’sAl-Basha’ir and Syria’s SES as middlemen whenprocuring materials for production. Other companiesthat were manufacturers or trading companies mayalso have been mistaken as front companies.LocationBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqUAEBaghdad, IraqAmman, JordanBaghdad, IraqAmman JordanBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqAmman, JordanBaghdad, IraqAmman, JordanBaghdad, IraqUAEBaghdad, IraqUAEDubai, UAEBaghdadBaghdad, IraqJordanRegime Financeand Procurement291
Al-HusanAl-Hussaini Company for Trading AgencyAl-Jawhara Al-KhaleejeyaAl-Karamah State EstablishmentAl-KarradahAl-Kawther CompanyAl-Kibba Trading Agencies, Ltd.Al-Maymana Trade GroupAl-Maeeny Engineering BureauAl-Mersal Commercial AgenciesAl-Mihrab CompanyAl-MufakherAl-Naizak Trading EstablishmentAl-Najah CompanyAl-NorasAl-Rafed BureauAl-Rawa’a Trading CompanyAl-RiatAl-Riaya Trading CompanyAl-Sabah InternationalAl-SaderaAl-Safoh Office General TradingAl-Said Group for Industry and International TradeAl-Saiham CompanyAl-Salam General CompanyAl-Salman Trading CompanyAl-Savivem CompanyAl-Sidra Trading Co.Al-Tuhfa Co. for General Trading, Ltd.Al-Wadhah Co for General Trade, Ltd.Al-Yisr Trading CompanyAl-Zaghal Industrial CompanyArabic Computer Systems CompanyArabic Scientific BureauARMOS Trading CompanyBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqUAEBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqAmman, JordanBaghdad, IraqUAEBaghdad, IraqSyriaBaghdad, IraqIraqUAEBangkok, ThailandBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqIraqBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqBaghdad, IraqUAEAmman, JordanUAEBaghdad, Iraq.Baghdad, Iraq292
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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and the International Atomic Energy
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The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
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Security Services (continued)The Sp
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VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
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success—reduced or suspended oil
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Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
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• The Regime also sought diplomat
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Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
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never part of the military plan cra
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• Former Minister of Defense Sult
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Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
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Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
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OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
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M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
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Structure of M14• Special Operati
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M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
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Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
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OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
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The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
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Structure of the SSO Security Branc
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The Republican GuardThe Republican
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The Republican Guard Forces Command
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Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
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[Translator Comment: they are in go
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Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
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ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
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MIC Banking and Financing .........
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A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
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Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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ents. He made all modifications to
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Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
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The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
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OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
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OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
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including abolishing universal empl
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Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
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for what they imported in 1992, pro
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Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
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stated that he believed the Russian
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documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
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were made to at least two Iraqi fro
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Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
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SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
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with an *) shows the total proceeds
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seas accounts in Lebanon and Jordan
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and the overseas banks forwarded ac
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assets in employee-named accounts.
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OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
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necessary to accommodate the large
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offices, there was only a single em
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MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
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Although other Iraqi ministries wer
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From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
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The information provided by these t
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its real activity, which was coordi
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• In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
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officer suggested Neptune would be
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• A foreign intelligence service
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MIC Research Support at Universitie
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Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
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Supplying Iraq With ProhibitedCommo
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UNSCOM’s Operation Tea Cup (1995
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• The technology included guidanc
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Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
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Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
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Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
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cash through private sector trade o
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Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
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October 2001, Syrian technicians we
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• Yugoslav Federal also supplied
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jammers, night-vision devices, and
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• According to captured documents
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Transportation Routes From North Ko
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Materials, Equipment and Services P
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conflict, President Lukashenko inst
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Many transactions for prohibited go
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Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
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International Commodity Deception:T
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Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
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months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
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Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
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Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
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An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
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Benzene for automobiles:If there is
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Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
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Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
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Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
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Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
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Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
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Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
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Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
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decision and issued a presidential
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• The NSC Auditing Division sent
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Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
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Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
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Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
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Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
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Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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account for half a year each, were
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Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
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ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
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truck to the Turkish border. Althou
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
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Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Page 378 and 379: Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
Page 380 and 381: Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
Page 382 and 383: Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
Page 384 and 385: Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
Page 386 and 387: Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
Page 388 and 389: Figure 37. Department,department di
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Page 392 and 393: Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
Page 394 and 395: • UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
Page 396 and 397: Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
Page 398 and 399: • An electrophoresis system inclu
Page 400 and 401: • The MIC initiated direct contac
Page 402 and 403: Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
Page 404 and 405: Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
Page 406 and 407: Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
Page 408 and 409: ack to Baghdad without repair. The
Page 410 and 411: specified that the Iraqi attendees
Page 412 and 413: • In April 1999, seven Russian en
Page 414 and 415: • The letter also indicates that
Page 416 and 417: • In another letter, SARA-M refer
Page 418 and 419: Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
Page 420 and 421: Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
Page 422 and 423: • A recovered contract dated 20 F
Page 424 and 425: 9k38 portable air defense systems (
Page 428 and 429: Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
Page 430 and 431: Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
Page 432 and 433: IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
Page 434: TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
Page 437 and 438: Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
Page 449: Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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