Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Events (continued)225226POL 1998OTHER/NUC1998 OnwardHuwaysh becomes Deputy PM/Head of the Ind. Committee: new HusaynKamil?Saddam becomes increasingly interested in the activities of the Iraq AtomicEnergy Commission (IAEC) & begins holding regular meetings with IAECrepresentatives227 PROC 19-Jun-98 UNSCR 1175 allows $300M for oil spare parts228 POL 24-Jun-98 Leak reveals VX lab results; allies condemn Iraq229 POL 1998 Iraq disappointed when positive IAEA report does not lead to UN resolution230 CW Jul 1998 Mosul University accepts DCC (VX stabilizer) tasking231 BW July 1998 BW TEM, held in Baghdad at Iraq’s request, concludes BW not fully disclosed232 PROC 05-Jul-98 Iraq and Jordan agree to construct oil pipeline233French refusal to pay surcharge on Iraqi oil causes relations between the countriesto coolPROC 1998234Regime procurement with Bulgaria, France, FRY, PRC, and South Korea leadsPROC 1998to further sanctions erosion235 PROC 15-Jul-98 Iraq & Syria agree to build second pipeline236 POL 18-Jul-98 UNSCOM discovers Air Force CW document at Air Force HQ237Aziz-Butler standoff: ‘Aziz rejects proposed schedule & demands favorablePOL 03-Aug-98report to UNSC238Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) announces end of no-notice UNPOL 05-Aug-98inspections239 POL 11-Aug-98 NMD committee to sort documents is formed240 PROC 20-Aug-98 Iraq and Syria agree to re-open pipeline (Kirkuk to Mediterranean Terminals)241 POL 09-Sep-98 UNSCR 1194 condemns Iraq’s decision to stop cooperation with UNSCOM242 POL 27-Sep-98 Turkey restores full diplomatic relations with Iraq243UN Expert Panel confirms VX and stabilizer DCC found in destroyed warheads,asks Iraq to explainPOL 23-Oct-98244UN discontinues UNSCOM Monitoring due to increased tension and IraqiPOL 31-Oct-98intransigence245 POL 14-Nov-98 Under US military threat Iraq agrees to resume inspections246 PROC 05-Dec-98 MIC establishes second front company (ARMOS) to trade with Russia247Late 1998/ Saddam disappointed at Huwaysh report that only conventional missile payloadsPOLEarly 1999 available248UNSCOM & IAEA leave Iraq, but NMD continues site liaison andPOL 16-Dec-98data collection249 POL 17-Dec-98 Desert Fox250 POL 19-Dec-98 Iraq declares that UNSCOM will never be allowed to return251 OTHER/NUC1999252 DS Jan 1999 RPV-20/30 program startsIAEC initiates a rail gun program at two sites: Roland Missile Factory andadjacent to Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center (TNRC)Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Events9
Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Events (continued)253 PROC 04-Jan-99 Iraq & Jordan renew crude oil agreement and renegotiate annually254 PROC 13-Jan-99 World oil production cut, Iraq plans to raise output to 3 million barrels per day255 PROC 07-Feb-99 King Husayn of Jordan dies, his heir restricts illicit trade with Iraq256Feb - AprPOL1999Amorim panel meets, recommends creating new inspection group257 POL March 1999 Iraq media calls for strikes on US targets to force change in US policy258 POL Apr 1999 France & Russia introduce draft resolution; Netherlands & UK counter259 DS June 1999 Huwaysh replaces Ra’id with Muzhir at Al Karama260 POL 01-Jun-99 Iran fires three missiles at MEK camp in Iraq261 OTHER/NUC1999Huwaysh gets research grants for university professors to preserve scientificbase262 POL 1999 Huwaysh orders MIC not to jeopardize lifting of sanctions263 OTHER/1999 IAEC establishes new laser divisionNUC264Regime procurement with Bulgaria, France, FRY, India, Jordan, North Korea,PROC 1999Russia, and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion265MIC employees sign affidavits pledging to surrender documents and not toPOL 1999import prohibited materials266 OTHER/NUC1999Saddam personally intervenes to improve IAEC conditions; raises salaries andprevents scientists from leaving267 POL 1999 Saddam asks Huwaysh how long it will take to build a CW production line268 POL 17-Jul-99 Saddam speech: America has taken control of the oil wealth of Arab countries269Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS) Director Rafi’ Daham Al Tikriti dies; replacementis close to MICPROC Oct 1999270 POL Dec 1999 Russians push to lift sanctions271UNSCR 1284 creates UN Monitoring and Verification CommissionPOL 17-Dec-99(UNMOVIC) and lifts all Iraqi oil export ceilings272 OTHER/NUC2000 MIC rail gun program research continuing at Al Tahadi273 PROC 2000 Sharp rise in Iraqi educational spending: two new universities274 PROC Jan 2000 Turkish trade/oil sale protocol signed275 DS Jan 2000 Start of Al Quds UAV program with goal of 100kg payload276 CW Feb 2000 Yugoimport submits tender to MIC for $53,125 of white phosphorous (WP)277 CW March 2000 Fallujah II complex renovates chlorine and phenol lines and restarts278Yugoimport Special Purpose Military Production firm Krusik delivers 11,150CW Mar 2000KG of WP to Hatin, which produces WP rounds279 POL 01-Mar-00 Blix assumes leadership of UNSCOM successor UNMOVIC280 PROC May 2000 Syria-Iraq Trade/Oil sale protocol established; Syrian pipeline opens281 POL June 2000 Saddam speech: Iraq cannot give up its weapons if neighbors do not282 DS June 2000 Saddam orders the design of long range missile10
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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and the International Atomic Energy
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The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
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Security Services (continued)The Sp
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VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
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success—reduced or suspended oil
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Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
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• The Regime also sought diplomat
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Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
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never part of the military plan cra
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• Former Minister of Defense Sult
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Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
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Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
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OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
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M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
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Structure of M14• Special Operati
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M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
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Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
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OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
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The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
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Structure of the SSO Security Branc
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The Republican GuardThe Republican
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The Republican Guard Forces Command
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Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
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[Translator Comment: they are in go
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Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
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ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
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MIC Banking and Financing .........
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A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
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Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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ents. He made all modifications to
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Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
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The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
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OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
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OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
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including abolishing universal empl
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Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
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for what they imported in 1992, pro
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Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
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stated that he believed the Russian
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documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
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were made to at least two Iraqi fro
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Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
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SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
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with an *) shows the total proceeds
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seas accounts in Lebanon and Jordan
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and the overseas banks forwarded ac
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assets in employee-named accounts.
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OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
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necessary to accommodate the large
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offices, there was only a single em
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MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
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Although other Iraqi ministries wer
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From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
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The information provided by these t
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its real activity, which was coordi
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• In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
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officer suggested Neptune would be
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• A foreign intelligence service
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MIC Research Support at Universitie
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Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
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Supplying Iraq With ProhibitedCommo
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UNSCOM’s Operation Tea Cup (1995
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• The technology included guidanc
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Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
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Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
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Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
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cash through private sector trade o
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Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
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October 2001, Syrian technicians we
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• Yugoslav Federal also supplied
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jammers, night-vision devices, and
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• According to captured documents
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Transportation Routes From North Ko
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Materials, Equipment and Services P
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conflict, President Lukashenko inst
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Many transactions for prohibited go
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Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
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International Commodity Deception:T
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Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
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months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
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Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
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Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
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An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
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Benzene for automobiles:If there is
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Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
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Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
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Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
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Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
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Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher Recipients
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Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
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Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
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decision and issued a presidential
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• The NSC Auditing Division sent
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Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
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Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
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Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
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Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
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Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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account for half a year each, were
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Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
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ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
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truck to the Turkish border. Althou
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
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Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
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Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
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Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
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Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
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Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
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Figure 37. Department,department di
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anks for some transactions in the b
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Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
Page 394 and 395: • UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
Page 396 and 397: Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
Page 398 and 399: • An electrophoresis system inclu
Page 400 and 401: • The MIC initiated direct contac
Page 402 and 403: Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
Page 404 and 405: Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
Page 406 and 407: Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
Page 408 and 409: ack to Baghdad without repair. The
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Page 414 and 415: • The letter also indicates that
Page 416 and 417: • In another letter, SARA-M refer
Page 418 and 419: Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
Page 420 and 421: Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
Page 422 and 423: • A recovered contract dated 20 F
Page 424 and 425: 9k38 portable air defense systems (
Page 426 and 427: Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
Page 428 and 429: Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
Page 430 and 431: Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
Page 432 and 433: IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
Page 434: TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
Page 437 and 438: Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
Page 443: Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
Page 449: Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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