Volume 1 - Iraq Watch

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Annex BKnown Oil Voucher RecipientsThis annex contains the 13 secret lists maintained byVice President Taha Yasin Ramadan al-Jizrawi and theMinister for Oil, Amir Rashid Muhammad al-Ubaydi.• A high-level SOMO official provided ISG withboth English and Arabic versions of these lists on16 June 2004. The lists reproduced here are theoriginal SOMO translations in English.• The 13 lists coincide with the 13 six-month phasesof the UN OFF Program. Saddam’s oil allocationswere distributed in six-month cycles, in synchronizationwith the UN OFF phases.These lists contain the following information:• The estimated profit earned by allocation holdersduring that period in US dollars per barrel. Thisfigure is SOMO’s estimation based on the price differentialbetween Iraq’s prices and the market pricefor crude.• The allocation holder (including their nationality)and the name of the company lifting the oil on theirbehalf.• The quantity of oil allocated for each individual,company, or organization.It is important to note that, in many cases, the individual,company, or organization named on the SOMOlists never converted their allocations into finalizedcontracts (signed by SOMO). These contracts wererequired to draw the vouchers to actually lift the oil.In other cases, voucher recipients never lifted allthe oil designated in their vouchers, while others,on occasion, lifted more than their share. It is alsoimportant to note that, in many cases, receiving an oilvoucher and lifting the oil was a legitimate transactionunder the Oil For Food Program.The former Regime imposed a 10-cent per barrelsurcharge on the oil allocations starting in the middleof the eighth UN OFF phase (September 2000).Recipients were instructed to deposit the surchargesin specific bank accounts held by Iraq in Jordanand Lebanon or to deliver the cash to one of Iraq’sEmbassies. SOMO was directed to refuse allocationcontracts to anyone not willing to pay the surcharge.Many individuals, companies, and organizationsrefused to pay this surcharge. As a result, the ninthphase list reflects only the names of recipients whoagreed to the surcharge and actually lifted oil.After the ninth phase, Saddam instructed SOMO notto sign any voucher contracts for individuals, companies,or organizations until they paid their past duesurcharges. These unused allocations are evident inthe phase 10 to 13 lists. This arrangement persistedthrough April 2003 when OIF commenced.Regime Financeand Procurement• The quantity of oil lifted by that allocation holderduring that period.167
Oil Allocation RecipientListThe names of US citizens and business entities have been redacted from this report in accordance withprovisions of the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a, and other applicable law. The full report has been providedto appropriate recipients in the Executive Branch and Congress.168
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Comprehensive Reportof the Special
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versus another. They deserve at lea
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In Saddam’s view, Iraq was the na
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UNSCOM gave a sufficiently positive
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The Regime, drawing on the experien
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December 1998. The United States an
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The new Iraq could benefit from the
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and the Baath party. This is a volu
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have been important, though they ha
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Regime StrategicIntentRegime Strate
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ContentsKey Findings...............
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AnnexesA. The Quartet—Influence a
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Key FindingsSaddam Husayn so domina
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Former Iraqi Regime Officials Varie
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Who Made Iraq’s StrategicDecision
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• Tariq ‘Aziz described the req
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• Instead, voluminous files were
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secure Saddam’s support for odd o
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Saddam’s Use of Execution—Manag
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solely for civilian use when the re
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directly and continuously to him. H
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How Saddam Saw HisSubordinatesMinin
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Saddam’s PsychologyHow Saddam Saw
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to consist of was hazy. His drive t
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Iraq’s Use of CW in 1991 Against
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Excerpts from a Closed-Door Meeting
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maker asserted that either country
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Israel“There can never be stabili
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Saddam’s handling of Iraq’s res
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this to the international community
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Regime StrategicIntentNote: Red cel
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Iraq’s Relationship With RussiaTh
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Realizing Saddam’s VeiledWMD Inte
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Selected UN Security Council Resolu
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Husayn KamilBorn in 1955 within the
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ibility with UNSCOM. Iraqi demands
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and the International Atomic Energy
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The Saga of the “Chicken Farm”
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Security Services (continued)The Sp
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VX Warhead Samples & The Iraqi Air
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success—reduced or suspended oil
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Preserving and Restoring WMD Infras
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• The Regime also sought diplomat
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Renewing UN InspectionsIraq allowed
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never part of the military plan cra
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• Former Minister of Defense Sult
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Annex AThe Quartet—Influence and
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Perceptions of Threat and Challenge
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OverviewAnnex BIraq’s Intelligenc
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Scientifi
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M6, Directorate of Internal Securit
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Structure of M14• Special Operati
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M18, Directorate of ResidencyM18 is
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Structure of M40• M40/1 Monitors
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OverviewAnnex CIraq’s Security Se
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The Special SecurityOrganizationSad
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Regime StrategicIntentThe Special S
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Structure of the SSO Security Branc
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The Republican GuardThe Republican
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The Republican Guard Forces Command
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Annex DSaddam’s Personal Involvem
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[Translator Comment: they are in go
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Regime Financeand ProcurementRegime
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ContentsA Word on the Scope of This
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MIC Banking and Financing .........
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A Word on the Scope of This Chapter
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Key FindingsThroughout the 1990s an
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ents. He made all modifications to
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Chapter SummaryThe Illicit Finance
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The Regime TimelineDecline (1991-96
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OverviewDirecting and Budgeting Ira
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Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Iraq’s National Budget 1991-2002A
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OverviewFinancing Iraq’s IllicitP
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including abolishing universal empl
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Behind the scenes, the Iraqi govern
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for what they imported in 1992, pro
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Figure 10. Iraq’s estimated earni
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stated that he believed the Russian
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documents. Ten other Iraqi embassie
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were made to at least two Iraqi fro
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Figure 21. Iraq’s estimated earni
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SOMO Account Balances Outside of Ir
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with an *) shows the total proceeds
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seas accounts in Lebanon and Jordan
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and the overseas banks forwarded ac
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assets in employee-named accounts.
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OverviewExecuting Illicit Procureme
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necessary to accommodate the large
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offices, there was only a single em
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MoD’s Procurement Leadership at t
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Although other Iraqi ministries wer
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From 2000 onwards, the RG’s annua
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The information provided by these t
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its real activity, which was coordi
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• In May 2002, ARMOS was offered
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officer suggested Neptune would be
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• A foreign intelligence service
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MIC Research Support at Universitie
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Figure 51. Sattam HamidFarhan Al-Ga
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Supplying Iraq With ProhibitedCommo
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UNSCOM’s Operation Tea Cup (1995
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• The technology included guidanc
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Embassy to Jordan in Amman. The fir
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Regime Financeand ProcurementThis i
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Since 1991, Iraqi-Turkish trade rev
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cash through private sector trade o
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Chinese Assistance in Iraqi Telecom
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October 2001, Syrian technicians we
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• Yugoslav Federal also supplied
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Page 252 and 253: jammers, night-vision devices, and
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Page 256 and 257: Transportation Routes From North Ko
Page 258 and 259: Regime Financeand ProcurementFigure
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Page 264 and 265: conflict, President Lukashenko inst
Page 266 and 267: Many transactions for prohibited go
Page 268 and 269: Importing ProhibitedCommoditiesDece
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Page 272 and 273: Disguising the Commodity’s Destin
Page 274 and 275: months to reach Baghdad from Bulgar
Page 278 and 279: Figure 68. Primary oil smuggling ro
Page 280 and 281: Annex ATranslations of Iraq’s Bil
Page 282 and 283: An ISG Translation of the 2003 Iraq
Page 284 and 285: Benzene for automobiles:If there is
Page 286 and 287: Secondly: oil derivativesThe Iraqi
Page 288 and 289: Fifteenth:Based on the Jordanian re
Page 290 and 291: Figure 1. The Iraq-SyriaTrade Proto
Page 292 and 293: Figure 2. Iraq-Syria TradeProtocol
Page 294 and 295: Figure 3. The Iraq-TurkeyTrade Prot
Page 304 and 305: Oil Allocation RecipientList (conti
Page 336 and 337: Key Budgetary ActorsAnnex CIraq’s
Page 338 and 339: decision and issued a presidential
Page 340 and 341: • The NSC Auditing Division sent
Page 342 and 343: Annex DIraq Economic Data (1989-200
Page 344 and 345: Figure 8. Sectoralcomposition of Ir
Page 346 and 347: Figure 10. Iraq’s Paris Clubcredi
Page 348 and 349: Balance of Payments/Exchange RatesE
Page 350 and 351: Figure 16. Exchange rateID/USD.Regi
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Annex EIllicit Earnings Sources and
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account for half a year each, were
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Annex FIraqi Oil SmugglingCaptured
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ISG Translation of an Oil Sale Cont
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truck to the Turkish border. Althou
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 22. Contractbetween the Nati
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Figure 24. Letter from A.J.Khazamip
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Figure 25 . Second letterfrom A.J.
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 27. Contract forpetroleum pr
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 29. Contractbetween al Basha
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Figure 31. Telex from aFrench bank
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Figure 32. Unipack ofParis contract
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Figure 33. Telex from VitolGeneva t
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Figure 35. Letter dated 30December
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Annex GIraq’s Banking Systemdid n
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Figure 37. Department,department di
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anks for some transactions in the b
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Annex HUN Security Council Resoluti
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• UNSCR 1175 also noted that the
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Annex ISuspected WMD-Related Dual-U
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• An electrophoresis system inclu
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• The MIC initiated direct contac
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Annex JThe Procurement of Conventio
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Possible Breaches of UN Sanctions b
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Letters Dealing With a Planned Visi
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ack to Baghdad without repair. The
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specified that the Iraqi attendees
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• In April 1999, seven Russian en
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• The letter also indicates that
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• In another letter, SARA-M refer
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Possible Belarusian Breaches of UN
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Possible Syrian Breaches of UN Sanc
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• A recovered contract dated 20 F
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9k38 portable air defense systems (
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Annex KSuspected Intermediary andFr
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Atera ManufacturingDaei Internation
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Annex LProcurement AcronymsAcronymA
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IAFIraqi Armed ForcesIDIraqi DinarI
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TPICTTCUAEUAVUDMHUHFUNUNCCUNDPUNESC
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Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Ev
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