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327Deliberative Politicsalone.57 From this viewpoint, however, the basic rights and principlesof government by law can be understood as so many stepstoward reducing the unavoidable complexity evident in the necessarydeviations from the model of pure communication. We can seethis reduction of complexity still more clearly when such rights andprinciples are spelled out in constitutional law and when proceduresof deliberative politics are institutionalized (with majorityrule, representative bodies, checks and balances, interlinking ofoversight and review powers, etc.). Certainly all institutional ororganizational mechanisms are also established to reduce complexity;in the form of constitutional regulations, however, thesemechanisms (such as immunities and privileges) have at the sametime the reflexive character of countersteering measures against asocial complexity that infiltrates the normative presuppositions of ·government by law. This kind of complexity-preserving countersteeringis already at work in the way that informal public opinionplays off against institutionalized, procedurally regulated opinionandwill-formation.58 The communication circulating in the publicsphere is especially vulnerable to the selective pressure of socialinertia; the influence thus generated, however, can be convertedinto political power only if it passes through the sluices of democraticprocedure and penetrates the constitutionally organizedpolitical system in general.It would be naive to overlook the fact that the constitutionallyregulated circulation of power in the political system itself islikewise subject to the pressure of social complexity. However, theobjections that systems theory and decisions theory raise againstthe presupposition of a discursive mode of sociation in the legalcommunity take on a different status once one considers that theinstitutions of the constitutional state, viewed sociologically, havethe character of a countersteering preservation of complexity. Thisraises the question of how much the normative countersteering ofconstitutional institutions can compensate for the communicative,cognitive, and motivational limitations on deliberative politics andthe conversion of communicative into administrative power. Onemust ask how much the social facti city of these unavoidable inertialfeatures, even when they are already taken into consideration in theformal structure of the constitutional state, provide a point where
328Chapter 7illegitimate power complexes that are independent of the democraticprocess can crystallize. One must investigate the degree towhich, in particular, the power concentrated in social subsystems,in large organizations and public administrations, inconspicuouslysettles into the systemic infrastructure of the normatively regulatedcirculation of power, and one must investigate how effectively theunofficial circulation of this unlegitimated power encroaches onthe constitutionally regulated circulation of power.
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Between Facts and NormsContribution
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ContentsTranslator's IntroductionPr
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viiContents8.3 Civil Society, Publi
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XWilliam Rehgracy, and an account o
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xiiWilliam Rehglated as "principle
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xivWilliam Rehgalways limited conte
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XVIITranslator's Introductionon the
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XIXTranslator's Introductioncratic
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XXITranslator's Introduction-------
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XXIIITranslator's Introductionties
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XXV-Translator's Introductionhappin
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XXVII- -------- -------------- --Tr
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XXIXTranslator's Introductionsophic
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xxxiTranslator's Introduction"liber
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xxxiiiTranslator's Introductioncomm
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Translator's Introductionof this. W
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XXXVIITranslator's Introductionpenu
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xiPrefaceproblem that arises "betwe
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xliiPrefacenow considers itself vic
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1Law as a Category of Social Mediat
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3Law as Social Mediation between Fa
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7------- ---- - - ----Law as Soc
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11Law as Social Mediation between F
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21-----Law as Social Mediation betw
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43The Sociology of Law vs. the Phil
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63The Sociolo-,ry of Law vs. the Ph
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73-- - ---The Sociology of Law vs.
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77--The Sociology of Law vs. the Ph
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83------- - - ------- ------- ----A
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85A Reconstructive Approach to Law
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87"-- ------ -- --- - --A Reconstru
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91--- - "" ____ " _____ _A Reconstr
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109 ---A Reconstructive Approach to
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IllA Reconstructive Approach to Law
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117-- --A Reconstructive Approach t
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123------------- -A Reconstructive
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!53-A Reconstructive Approach to La
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161------A Reconstructive Approach
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185-- -- ----A Reconstructive Appro
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191---- ---- ----- --A Reconstructi
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195---····----- ---The Indeterm
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197The Indeterminacy of Law and the
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199The Indeterminacy o_£ Law and t
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207--- ---- ----- - · ---- --- -·
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211--The Indeterminacy of Law and t
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221"------------------The Indetermi
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227----------··- --The Indetermin
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239Judiciary and Legislaturecourts
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241Judiciary and Legislaturesettle
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243Judiciary and Legislature"fact s
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245Judiciary and Legislaturestate,
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247Judiciary and Legislaturerights
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249Judiciary and Legislaturediffere
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251-Judiciary and Legislatureinters
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253---- ------- -----Judiciary and
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255Judiciary and Legislaturereal pr
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259Judiciary and Legislatureerected
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261--- - ---Judiciary and Legislatu
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263Judiciary and Legislaturetion of
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265Judiciary and Legislatureagainst
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267Judiciary and Legislature6.3 The
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_2 6 _9 _________ _________________
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271Judiciary and Legislatureconcept
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273Judiciary and Legislatureof publ
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275Judiciary and Legislaturesphere
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Page 324 and 325: 281Judiciary and Legislatureself-in
Page 326 and 327: 283Judiciary and Legislaturevalues
Page 328 and 329: 285Judiciary and Legislatureconcept
Page 330 and 331: 7Deliberative Politics: A Procedura
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Page 334 and 335: 291Deliberative Politics---- - -- -
Page 336 and 337: 293Deliberative Politicslatent dang
Page 338 and 339: 295Deliberative Politicstive politi
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Page 358 and 359: 315Deliberative Politics7.3 The Soc
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Page 364 and 365: 321--Deliberative Politicspolitical
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Page 368 and 369: 325Deliberative Politicsthe persona
Page 372 and 373: 8Civil Society and the Political Pu
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Page 376 and 377: 333Civil Society and the Political
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377Civil Society and the Political
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389Paradigms of Lawsection of const
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391Paradigms of Lawdifferent unders
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393Paradigms of Lawcentury or today
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395Paradigms of Lawand at whatever
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397Paradigms of Lawdifferentiated a
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399Paradigms of Lawas well as the d
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401Paradigms of Lawit does not mean
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403------ ·-- ----Paradigms of Law
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405Paradigms of Lawment of administ
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407------------ ------- --Paradigms
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409Paradigms of Lawprivate and gove
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411Paradigms of Lawprotection guara
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413Paradigms of Lawmon denominator
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415Paradigms of Laware, in the fina
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417Paradigms of LawThese criteria e
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419Paradigms of Lawdistribution of
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421Paradigms of Lawsion of criminal
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423Paradigms of Lawused to label di
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425Paradigms of Lawtarget, however,
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427Paradigms of Lawunderstanding of
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429Paradigms of Lawcratic procedure
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43 1Paradigms of Lawwas to protect
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433Paradigms of Laware dependent on
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435Paradigms of Lawated by capitali
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437Paradigms of Law9.3.2Legal parad
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439Paradigms of Law- ----- - ---(a)
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441Paradigms of Lawinterference and
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443Paradigms of LawThe criticism of
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445Paradigms of Law ----- --- ---
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Postscript (1994)There is a sense i
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449Postscriptsides money and admini
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45 1Postscriptdoes not coincide wit
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453Postscriptfrom the observer pers
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455Postscriptenact is legitimate. R
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457··-··Postscript· ----------
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459Postscriptdeem it to be equally
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461Postscript5Law is not a narcissi
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Appendix IPopular Sovereignty as Pr
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465Popular Sovereignty as Procedure
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467-Popular Sovereignty as Procedur
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473-Popular Sovereignty as Procedur
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483- ------------Popular Sovereignt
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485---Popular Sovereignty as Proced
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489· ------- -- ------- ---Popular
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Appendix IICitizenship and National
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493-·-------· -·· .. ------ ·
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495Citizenship and National Identit
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503-- ····------·------Citizen
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509-- -----Citizenship and National
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511- --- --- --Citizenship and Nati
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518Notes to pages xiii-xvi"On the P
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520Notes to pages xxii-xxix21. Nikl
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522Notes to pages xxxv-xliiiCurrie,
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524-- ----·---·------Notes to pag
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526---- -- --- ---- ----- -- -----N
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528Notes to pages 68-7738. Weber, E
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530Notes to pages 87-97influenced p
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532Notes to pages 117-144develop. I
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534Notes to pages 165-173geared mor
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538Notes to pages 197-2104. Cf. R.
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540Notes to pages 218-225foreseeabl
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542Notes to pages 231-237from the r
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544Notes to pages 247-25415. H. Hub
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546------Notes to pages 268-27553.]
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548Notes to pages 280-294obligation
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550----· --- ---Notes to pages 306
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552Notes to pages 315-32743. R. A.
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554--- --------- -----Notes to page
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556Notes to pages 349-36743. Willke
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558---- -- --------- --- · ·--
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560Notes to pages 403-410of private
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562Notes to pages 416-42448. As in
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564Notes to pages 431-443(Constitut
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566Notes to pages 458-464pertains t
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568Notes to pages 490- 49727 . H. B
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BibliographyAarnio, A. The Rational
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573BibliographyBenhabib, S. Critiqu
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575----------------------------Bibl
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577BibliographyFrobel,]. Monarchie
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579------------ --Bibliography---.
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581Bibliography--- ------ ---Hoerst
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583BibliographyKondgen,J. Selbstbin
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585BibliographyMarshall, T. H. Citi
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587Bibliography------ -------------
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589BibliographyRolke, L. Protestbew
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591··-·-------- --··· -- ----
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593--Bibliography---. "Konsens als
Page 639 and 640:
596IndexAdministration (continued)a
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598Index-------·-------· ----- --
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600IndexCoercionauthorized, 28, 72,
Page 645 and 646:
602IndexConstitutional rights. See
Page 647 and 648:
604IndexDiscourse principle (contin
Page 649 and 650:
606IndexEthical discourse (continue
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608-------Index-------·· -Idealiz
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610IndexJustice, 469, 472in adjudic
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612IndexLaw (continued)legitimate/l
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614---Index-- -------·· -·--- -
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616---------------Index··--·----
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618IndexNegotiation. See Bargaining
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620IndexPhilosophyof consciousness/
Page 665 and 666:
622IndexPower (continued)of state,
Page 667 and 668:
624IndexPublic sphere (continued)se
Page 669 and 670:
626IndexRousseau,Jean:Jacques, 32on
Page 671 and 672:
628IndexSovereignty. See also Popul
Page 673 and 674:
630--Index-- · --- . . -----· ·
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