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519Notes to pages xvii-xxii12. See Peter L. Berger, The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory ofReligion (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor-Doubleday, 1969).13. On the development of subsystems, see Habermas, TCA 2:153-97. Forhelpful summaries of Habermas's account of societal rationalization, see JaneBraaten, Habermas's Critical Theory of Society (Albany: SUNY Press, 1991), chap. 5,and Stephen K. White, The Recent Work of Jiirgen Habermas: Reason, Justice, andModernity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), chap. 5.14. Habermas develops his concept of media by way of a critical appropriationof Talcott Parsons; see TCA 2:199-299; here esp. 256-70. For Parsons's account,see "On the Concept of Political Power," in Parsons, Sociological Theory andModern Society (New York: Free Press, 1967) , pp. 297-354. One should note herethat Habermas does not simply accept the development of such systems of moneyand power uncritically, as is shown by his concern with the intrusion of systemicimperatives into the lifeworld; see TCA 2:332-73 on the notion of"colonization."But he is also dubious of utopias that suggest one can dispense with the·contribution of systemic integration in complex societies.15. For the complications, see Thomas McCarthy, "Complexity and Democracy:The Seducements of Systems Theory," in McCarthy, Ideals and Illusions: OnReconstruction and Deconstruction in Contemporary Critical Theory (Cambridge: MITPress, 1991), pp. 152-80; see also Habermas's qualifications in "Reply," pp. 250-63.16. See John Rawls, A Theory of justice (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1971), and Political Liberalism. See also the exchange between Rawls and Habermasin journal of Philosophy 92, no. 3 (March 1995): 109-80.17. For example, see Niklas Luhmann, The Differentiation of Society, trans. StephenHolmes and Charles Larmore (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982);Martin Alb row, ed., A Sociological Theory of Law, trans. Elizabeth King and MartinAlb row (London: Routledge, 1985) ; Essays on Self-Reference (New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1990); Political Theory in the Welfare State, trans. John Bednarz(New York: de Gruyter, 1990). For a recent overview of Luhmann's approach, seehis Ecological Communication, trans. John Bednarz (Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, 1989).18. On the association between "modern natural law" and social-contract theory,see A. P. d'Entreves, Natural Law: An Historical Survey (New York: Harper, 1965),chap. 3.19. For a helpful introduction, see Walter Buckley, Sociology and Modern SystemsTheory (Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall, 1967); Buckley distinguishes a"process" model as well, which avoids the static implications associated withequilibrium and homeostasis.20. Humberto R. Maturana and others contributed the seminal ideas in thetheory of self-organization or "autopoiesis"; see Milan Zeleny, ed., Autopoiesis: ATheory of Living Organization (New York: North Holland, 1981). For applicationsto law, see Gunther Teubner, ed., Autopoietic Law: A New Approach to Law andSociety (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1988).