Between Facts and Norms - Contributions to a ... - Blogs Unpad

543- -- ----------- --- ---Notes to pages 239-247Chapter 61. [The German equivalent of the U. S. Supreme Court is the Federal ConstitutionalCourt. Depending on the context, the uncapitalized term "constitutionalcourt" may be used generally, as referring to both the U.S. and German systems.Trans.]2. [In the German legal system, it is possible to review the constitutionality ofnorms both in the abstract, i.e., simply on the request of certain other governmentalpowers, and in the concrete, on the occasion of a real controversy whoselitigation first requires the Federal Constitutional Court to decide the constitutionalityof the norm in question. In the latter case, the issue is referred to theConstitutional Court by the lower court that happens to be handling the originallawsuit. Trans.]3. C. Schmitt, Der Hiiter der Verfassung (Tiibingen, 1931). In his sharp critique,Hans Kelsen showed that this proposal rigorously follows from Schmitt's "turnto the total state": H. Kelsen, "Wer soli der Ruter der Verfassung sein?" Diejustiz -6 (1931): 576-628.4. See the end of chap. 4 in this volume, pp. 192-93.5. R. Alexy, Theorie der Grundrechte (Baden-Baden, 1985), p. 501.6. Schmitt, Der Huter, p. 42.7. Kelsen, "Wer soli der Hiiter," p. 590.8. Kelsen, "Wer soli der Hiiter," p. 609.9. Entscheidungen des Bundesverjassungsgericht, 34, 269 (1973), p. 304.10. K. Hesse, Grundziige des Verfassungsrechts der BundesrepublikDeutschland (Heidelberg,1990), p. 219.11. E.-W. Bockenforde, Staat, Verfassung, Demokratie (Frankfurt am Main, 1991);E. Denninger, Der gebiindigte Leviathan (Baden-Baden, 1990); D. Grimm, DieZukunjt der Verfassung (Frankfurt am Main, 1991).12. E. Denninger, "Verfassungsrechtliche Schliisselbegriffe," in Denninger, Dergebiindigte Leviathan, p. 159.13. I. Maus, "Die Trennung von Recht und Moral als Begrenzung des Rechts,"Rechtstheorie 20 (1989) : 191-210.14. [The idea of Wechselwirkung reflects the idea in German constitutional lawthat, although basic rights, such as freedom of expression, might be subject tocertain statutory restrictions, these are in turn limited by the value embodied inthe basic right (as well as by the "essential content" of the right) . DrittwirkungandAusstrahlung refer to the pervasive effects that constitutional values and rightshave on all areas of law. More specifically, Drittwirkung concerns the issue ofwhether basic rights protecting the individual from state encroachment alsoapply in areas of private law, i.e., to relationships between individuals. Finally,note that the term "objective" in this context picks up on the long-standingdistinction, prevalent in the German civil-law tradition, between "subjectiverights" and "ojective law." Trans.]