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526---- -- --- ---- ----- -- -----Notes to pages 52-58law could be had with fewer risks than by restricting argumentation. Reasonshave not only a redundancy function, but are double-edged from the start: theynot only secure the coherence of a body of knowledge but are innovative as well,in that they interpret new things in a new way and may change the context ofknowledge. For this reason, precedent-setting decisions also require a moreconsiderable expenditure of argument than do routine decisions. One mightalso note here that a systems-theoretic approach cannot at all explain theintrinsic function of justification, namely, to avoid or correct mistakes, becauseit does not allow the analytical distinction between actual and correct legaldecisions.13. R. Mayntz, "Steuerung, Steuerungsakteure, Steuerungsinstrumente," HiMon­DB 70 (Gesamthochschule Siegen, 1986) ; cf. R. Mayntz, ed., Implementationpolitischer Programme II ( Opladen, 1983).14. R. Munch, "Die sprachlose Systemtheorie," Zeitschrift fur Rechtstheorie 6(1985) :4-35; N. Luhmann, "Some Problems with Reflexive Law," in A. Febbraj oand G. Teubner, eds., State, Law, Economy as Autopoietic Systems (Milan, 1992), pp.389-416; cf. also G. Teubner, ed., Autopoietic Law (Berlin, 1988).15. G. Teubner, "Die Episteme des Rechts," in D. Grimm, ed., WachsendeStaatsaufgaben-sinkende Steuerungsfiihigkeit des Rechts (Baden-Baden, 1990), p.126; for the English, see Teubner, "How the Law Thinks: Toward a ConstructivistEpistemology of Law," Law and Society Review 23 (1989) : 727-57, here 738.16. Teubner, Recht als autopoietisches System, pp. l09f. [this passage is not presentin the English translation. Trans.].17. Teubner, Recht als autopoietisches System, p. 107; Law, p. 86.18. Teubner, Recht als autopoietisches System, p. 108; Law, p. 87.19. Teubner, "Episteme," p. 27 (emphasis added); "How the Law Thinks," p. 745.20. Teubner, Recht als autopoietisches System, p. 109; Law, p. 88.21. See J. Habermas, "Actions, Speech Acts, Linguistically Mediated Interactionsand the Lifeworld," in G. Floistad, ed., Philosophical Problems Today, vol. 1 (Boston,1994), pp. 45-74.22. From the perspective of systems theory, society-wide circulation is a symptomof the rather archaic status of a morality that has been surpassed by functionalsystems; see N. Luhmann, "Ethik als Reflexionstheorie der Moral," in Luhmann,Gesellschaftsstrukturund Semantik, vol. 3 (Frankfurt am Main, 1990), pp. 358-448.23. A. E. Buchanan, Marx and Justice (London, 1982) ; P. Koslowski, Gesellschaftund Staat (Stuttgart, 1982), chap. 6, pp. 242-92.24. On the following, see K. Baynes, The Normative Grounds ofSocial Criticism: Kant,Rawls, Habermas (Albany, N.Y., 1992).25. J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, Mass., 1971). We do not need to gointo the details here. See my analyses in Justification and Application, trans. C. P.Cronin (Cambridge, Mass., 1993), pp. 25-30 and 92-96.