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617Indexcommunicative action and, 5, 109, 141, 360democracy/democratic principle and, 84,90, 94, 108-111, 171, 184, 204, 292,319-320, 340, 450, 456-460deontological, 70, 153, 256-257, 292, 449discourse principle and, xxvi, 107-109,121, 233-234, 453, 459-460discourse theory and, xli, 70, 108-109,155, 158, 449, 459 (see alw Discoursetheory, discourse ethics)ethics/ethical discourse and, xv, 65, 95-99, 101-102, 109, 159, 167, 183, 256-257, 282, 285, 338, 351, 531n42, 534n33ideal role taking in, 162, 182impartiality and, 57-58, 62-63, 97, 114,153, 450, 5llinstitutionalization of, 80, ll3-1 14, ll8, 183interest and, 62-65, 83, 109, 340judiciary and, 203, 259, 264, 392justice and, 61, 79, 153-155, 283, 460justification of, 5, 97, 108-109, 113, 156-157, 161-162, 180, 182-183, 206, 230,232-234, 284, 453, 455-456, 459law and, xxv-xxvii, xi, 7, 79-80, 83-85, 94,105-107, 110-121, 151-157, 204-207,230-234, 282-284, 449-454legislative process and, 106, 110, 156-157,180, 184, 206, 230, 232-233, 241, 280,282, 284, 340, 453-454, 534n33legitimacy and, xxvi-xxvii, 97, 99, 106,156, 206, 230, 233, 450, 457, 459-460moral discourse, 95-99, 106-l l1, 158-171, 180, 183-184, 230-234, 282-285moral norms, xv, 67, 105-109, 112, 116,122, 124, 142, 152-157, 161-162, 204-207, 211, 256, 282, 318-320, 326-327,338, 451-452, 455-456, 459-460moral principle, 84, 90, 94, 99, 105-106,108-1 11, 207, 233, 450, 457-460, 470,518n5, 520n28, 531n40moral realism, 256-260as motivationally uncertain or weak, 63,67, 112-1 17, 325-327, 452-453natural law and, xxv-xxvi, 65, 84, 87, 98,199, 448-449, 452, 453, 459-460opinion- and will-formation and, 149,152, 162, 180, 183, 206, 470politics/political discourse and, 79, 151,157, 180, 183, 206, 233-234, 340, 453,467, 470, 487, 565n3postconventional or principled, xli, 7, 71,79-80, 84, 97-98, 113-118, 146, 448,459, 530n22pragmatic discourse and, 108-109, 159-161, 285, 470, 565n3rights and, 32, 79, 86-87, 99-1 01, 104,107, 120-121, 149, 153-154, 165, 204,206-207, 256-257, 451, 454-457, 537n3,565n4Scottish moral philosophy, 43-45social integrative function of, 319-320,351teleological, ll3, 153, 257traditional vs. posttraditional, ll3, 141-142, 256, 526n22universalism/universal claim of, xv, xli,109, 113, 116-1 17, 152-153, 155, 162,165, 230, 282validity and, 79, Ill, 120-121, 149, 155-156, 231-232, 282, 360, 452, 459-460Motivation. See also Argumentation theory,motivation of reasonsfo r legal compliance, 29, 31, 67-68, 80,83, 112, 114, 116, 118, 121, 198, 205,255, 292, 392, 448, 461-462, 469, 499moral motivation, 63, 67, 112-1 17, 325-327, 452-453value orientations, interests and, 67, 280-28 1, 325-326, 461-462, 499, 553n8 (seealso Action theory, interest-orientedaction; Democratic theory, rationalchoice models)Munch, Richard, 529n59Natural law. See also Hobbes; Kant;Liberalism; Locke; Rousseau; Socialcontract theorymodern or rational, xx, xi, 2-3, 42-45,56-57, 100-105, 145-146, 233, 267-268,497morality and, xxv-xxvi, 65, 84, 87, 98,199, 448-449, 452, 453, 459-460positive law and, 28, 84, 105, 189, 199,451premodern/traditional, 26, 95, 106, 138-139, 145-146rights and, 127-129, 194 (see also Rights,human or natural)Natural rights. See Natural lawNaumann, Friedrich, 479