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532Notes to pages 117-144develop. Insofar as the legal guarantee of individual liberties secures the spacefor an authentic and autonomous conduct of life, it makes sense even from amoral and ethical standpoint to reduce the legal person to a bearer of rights whois individuated by freedom of choice. Law is held up as a "protective mask"(Hannah Arendt) over the physiognomy of persons individuated through theirlife histories, persons who want to live conscientiously and authentically; on this,see R. Forst, Kontexte der Gerechtigkeit (Frankfurt am Main, 1994) .43. H. Shue, "Mediating Duties," Ethics 98 (1988): 687-704.44. K. Gunther, "Die Freiheit der Stellungnahme als politisches Grundrecht," inP. Koller et a!., eds., Theoretische Grundlagen derRechtspolitik, Archiv fur Rechts- undSozialphilosophie, Beiheft 54 (1992): 58ff.45. On the semantic analysis of legal concepts, see H. J. Koch, Die juristischeMethode im Staatsrecht (Frankfurt am Main, 1977), pp. 29ff.46. Despite problematic conclusions, this represents the valid core of AlbrechtWellmer's argument in "Models of Freedom in the Modern World," PhilosophicalForum 21 (1989/90): 227-52.Chapter 41. E.-W. Bockenforde, "Entstehung und Wandel des Rechtsstaatsbegriffs," inBockenforde, Recht, Staat, Freiheit (Frankfurt am Main, 1991), pp. 143-69; I.Maus, "Entwicklung und Funktionswandel der Theorie des burgerlichenRechtsstaats," in Maus, Rechtstheorie und Politische Theorie im Industriekapitalismus(Munich, 1986), pp. 11-82.2. M. Kriele, Einfuhrung in die Staatslehre (Opladen, 1980), pp. 224ff.3. C. Langer, Reform nach Prinzipien (Stuttgart, 1986).4. T. Parsons, R. F. Bales, and E. Shils, WorkinPapers in the Theory of Action (NewYork, 1953), pp. 63ff.5. T. Raiser, Rechtssoziologie (Frankfurt am Main, 1987), pp. 275ff., 292ff.; see alsoH. Popitz, Die normative Konstruktion von Gesellschaft (Tiibingen, 1980).6. T. Parsons and E. Shils, Toward a General Theory of Action (New York, 1951).7. Raiser, Rechtssoziologie, pp. 30lff.8. U. Wesel, Fri1hformen des Rechts in vorstaatlichen Gesellschaften (Frankfurt amMain, 1985); L. Poposil, Anthropologie des Rechts (Munich, 1982).9. On the following, cf. K. Eder, Die Entstehung staatlich organisierter Gesellschaften(Frankfurt am Main, 1976); J. Habermas, Communication and the Evolution ofSociety, trans. T. McCarthy (Boston, 1979), pp. 158ff.10. On Parsons's theory of communication media, see Habermas, The Theory ofCommunicative Action, trans. T. McCarthy, 2 vols. (Boston, 1984, 1987), 2:256ff.11. Lon Fuller considers this the basis of the morality contained in positive law:L. Fuller, The Morality of Law (Chicago, 1969); see also R. S. Summers, Lon L.Fuller (Stanford, 1984).