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Table 3.4.14 continued<br />

Author<br />

Year<br />

Reference<br />

Country<br />

Study design<br />

Setting<br />

Population<br />

Inclusion & exclusion criteria<br />

Prevalence<br />

Index test<br />

Reference test<br />

Number of patients<br />

Drop-out rate<br />

Rater<br />

Rater training<br />

Interobserver reliability<br />

Sensitivity<br />

Specificity<br />

Study quality<br />

Comments<br />

Pavuluri et al<br />

2006<br />

[102]<br />

USA<br />

Design<br />

Cross sectional<br />

Setting<br />

Research setting<br />

child psychiatric clinic<br />

Population<br />

186 children with BP,<br />

ADHD or healthy control<br />

Inclusion criteria<br />

Bipolar disorder I and II<br />

and NOS, ADHD, or HC<br />

Exclusion criteria<br />

Head injury, epilepsy,<br />

or mental retardation,<br />

medical illness, medications<br />

or substance that could alter<br />

their moods<br />

Prevalence BPSD<br />

33% (50/150)<br />

Index test<br />

CMRS-P (21 item)<br />

Reference test<br />

WASH-U-KADS<br />

Number of patients<br />

n=150 (42% girls)<br />

Mean age: 10.3±2.9 years<br />

(range 5 to 17)<br />

Drop-out rate<br />

None<br />

Rater, index test<br />

Self rating<br />

Rater training, index test<br />

NA<br />

Rater, reference test<br />

Child psychiatrist,<br />

one doctoral-level<br />

psychiatric nurse,<br />

two post-master´s<br />

degree-level psychology<br />

graduates<br />

Rater training, reference test<br />

6 months experience and<br />

training, but no description<br />

of how. Monthly reliability<br />

checks<br />

Interobserver reliability<br />

κ 0.98 to 1.0<br />

Cut off score 20<br />

BPSD vs ADHD<br />

Sensitivity: 82%<br />

Specificity: 94%<br />

BPSD vs HC<br />

Sensitivity: 84%<br />

Specificity: 98%<br />

High<br />

Comments<br />

Sampling method<br />

Adequate<br />

Blinding<br />

Satisfactory<br />

Handling of missing data<br />

Unclear<br />

Other comments<br />

The same subjects as<br />

in the article by Henry<br />

[103], see above<br />

ADHD = Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BP = Bipolar disorder; BPSD = Bipolar<br />

spectrum disorders; CMRS-P= Child mania rating scale – parents; HC = Healthy control;<br />

NOS = Not otherwise specified; WASH-U-KADS = Washington University in St-Louis<br />

Kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia; NA = Not applicable<br />

184 diagnostik och uppföljning av förstämningssyndrom<br />

KAPITEL 3 • Systematisk litteraturgenomgång<br />

185

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