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Table 3.4.16a Sensitivity and specificity for PHQ-9 as screening instrument for
depression with structured or semistructured interviews as reference standard.
Author
Year
Reference
Country
Study design
Setting
Population
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
Prevalence
Index test
Reference test
Number of patients
Drop-out rate
Rater
Rater training
Interobserver reliability
Sensitivity
Specificity
Study quality
Comments
Richardson et al
2010
[75]
USA
Design
Cross sectional
Setting
Health Research Institute
health care facility
Population
n=4 000 youths who had
seen a health care provider
at least once during the last
year were mailed the PHQ-2.
A subset of 499 youths were,
based on their screening,
invited to participate
Inclusion criteria
Completed the PHQ-9 screen
Exclusion criteria
–
Index test
PHQ-9
Reference test
DISC-IV
Number of patients
n=444
Mean age: 15.3±1.2 years
Drop-out rate
0.4%
Rater, index test
Self rating
Rater training, index test
NA
Rater, reference test
Not reported
Rater training, reference test
All received 12 hours of
classroom and hand-on
training and additional
project-specific training
on the DISC-IV
Interobserver reliability
Not reported
MDD cut off ≥11
Sensitivity: 90%
Specificity: 78%
Low
Comments
Sampling method
Adequate
Blinding
Satisfactory
Handling of missing data
17 incompletely filled in
forms were excluded
Other comments
The time between
index and reference
test is unclear.
Test reproducibility
was not described
Prevalence MDD
4%
DISC-IV = Diagnostic interview schedule for children, fourth edition; MDD = Major
depressive disorder; PHQ = Patient health questionnaire; ROC-AUC = Receiver operating
charachteristic – area under curve
194 diagnostik och uppföljning av förstämningssyndrom
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