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Table 3.5.27 Sensitivity and specificity of Hypomania checklist (HCL-32)<br />

with structured or semistructured interviews as reference standard.<br />

Author<br />

Year<br />

Reference<br />

Country<br />

Study design<br />

Setting<br />

Population<br />

Inclusion & exclusion criteria<br />

Prevalence<br />

Index test<br />

Reference test<br />

Number of patients<br />

Drop-out rate<br />

Rater<br />

Rater training<br />

Interobserver reliability<br />

Sensitivity<br />

Specificity<br />

Study quality<br />

Comments<br />

Angst et al<br />

2005<br />

[109]<br />

Italy &<br />

Sweden<br />

Design<br />

Cross sectional<br />

Setting<br />

Italy: Private outpatient practice.<br />

Sweden: Affective units at<br />

two psychiatric clinics<br />

Population<br />

Italy: n=220 consecutive<br />

patients with putative MDD<br />

Sweden: n=258<br />

Inclusion criteria<br />

BPI, BPII or MDD<br />

Index test<br />

HCL-32<br />

Cut off ≥14<br />

Reference test<br />

Italy: Modified SCID-I<br />

(Benazzi & Akiskal)<br />

to increase sensitivity<br />

to BPII disorders<br />

Sweden: Semistructured<br />

interview based on DSM-IV<br />

criteria, modified with<br />

duration criteria for hypomanic<br />

episode left out<br />

Rater of reference test<br />

Italy<br />

One senior psychiatrist<br />

Sweden<br />

Two senior psychiatrists<br />

or trained research nurses<br />

Training of reference test<br />

Trained, but not specified<br />

Interobserver reliability<br />

Not reported<br />

BP<br />

Sensitivity: 80%<br />

Specificity: 51%<br />

Moderate<br />

Comments<br />

Sampling method<br />

Yes, but different criteria<br />

and sampling in two different<br />

settings. Referral procedure<br />

unclear in Swedish sample<br />

Blinding<br />

Yes<br />

Handling of missing data<br />

Described for the Swedish<br />

but not for the Italian sample<br />

Exclusion criteria<br />

Schizoaffective disorder<br />

Prevalence<br />

BP: 62.4% (266/426)<br />

BPI: 24% (102/426)<br />

BPII: 38.4% (164/426)<br />

MDD: 37.6% (160/426)<br />

Number of patients<br />

Italy: 186 (62% female)<br />

Mean age: 43.2 years<br />

(SD 13.1)<br />

Sweden: 240 (59% female)<br />

Mean age: 51.8 years<br />

(SD 18.3)<br />

Other comments<br />

Time between index test<br />

and reference test is unclear<br />

Drop-out rate<br />

Italy: 0<br />

Sweden: 1%<br />

The table continues on the next page<br />

390 diagnostik och uppföljning av förstämningssyndrom<br />

KAPITEL 3 • Systematisk litteraturgenomgång<br />

391

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