Order 7110.65P, Air Traffic Control, with changes

2/19/047110.65PSection 5. Lateral Separation6−5−1. SEPARATION METHODSSeparate aircraft by one of the following methods:a. Clear aircraft on different airways or routeswhose widths or protected airspace do not overlap.b. Clear aircraft below 18,000 to proceed to andreport over or hold at different geographical locationsdetermined visually or by reference to NAVAIDs.c. Clear aircraft to hold over different fixes whoseholding pattern airspace areas do not overlap eachother or other airspace to be protected.d. Clear departing aircraft to fly specifiedheadings which diverge by at least 45 degrees.6−5−2. MINIMA ON DIVERGING RADIALSa. Consider separation to exist between aircraft:1. Established on radials of the same NAVAIDthat diverge by at least 15 degrees when either aircraftis clear of the airspace to be protected for the otheraircraft.2. With non−VOR/DME based navigationalequipment established on tracks of the samewaypoint that diverge by at least 15 degrees wheneither aircraft is clear of the airspace to be protectedfor the other aircraft.FIG 6−5−1Minima on Diverging Radialsseparation until reaching the 6−mile point. Reversingdirection, the same aircraft would require verticalseparation before passing the 6−mile point. Due to thenature of GPS equipment, issue crossing restrictions inreference to the next waypoint, since the pilot receivestracking “to” data rather than tracking “from” the lastwaypoint.b. Use TBL 6−5−1 and TBL 6−5−2 to determinethe distance required for various divergence angles toclear the airspace to be protected. For divergence thatfalls between two values, use the lesser divergencevalue to obtain the distance.TBL 6−5−1Non−DME DivergenceDistance MinimaDivergence (Degrees) Distance (NM)15 1620 1225 1030 835 745 655 590 4NOTE: This table is for non−DME application only.TBL 6−5−2DivergenceDistance MinimaNOTE−The procedure may be applied to converging as well asdiverging aircraft. (See FIG 6−5−1.) The aircraft depicted6 miles from the NAVAID/waypoint would require verticalDivergenceDistance (NM)(Degrees)Below FL 180Fl 180 throughFL 45015 17 1820 13 1525 11 1330 9 1135 8 1145 7 1155 6 1190 5 11NOTE: This table is for DME application andcompensates for DME slant-range error.Lateral Separation6−5−1