Order 7110.65P, Air Traffic Control, with changes

Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/17/05edge when installed on a runway equipped with aVASI.(Refer to FAAO 6850.2, VISUAL GUIDANCELIGHTING SYSTEMS.)b. Runway Lights/Runway Edge Lights− Lightshaving a prescribed angle of emission used to definethe lateral limits of a runway. Runway lights areuniformly spaced at intervals of approximately 200feet, and the intensity may be controlled or preset.c. Touchdown Zone Lighting− Two rows oftransverse light bars located symmetrically about therunway centerline normally at 100 foot intervals. Thebasic system extends 3,000 feet along the runway.d. Runway Centerline Lighting− Flush centerlinelights spaced at 50-foot intervals beginning 75 feetfrom the landing threshold and extending to within 75feet of the opposite end of the runway.e. Threshold Lights− Fixed green lights arrangedsymmetrically left and right of the runway centerline,identifying the runway threshold.f. Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)− Twosynchronized flashing lights, one on each side of therunway threshold, which provide rapid and positiveidentification of the approach end of a particularrunway.g. Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)− Anairport lighting facility providing vertical visualapproach slope guidance to aircraft during approachto landing by radiating a directional pattern of highintensity red and white focused light beams whichindicate to the pilot that he/she is “on path” if he/shesees red/white, “above path” if white/white, and“below path” if red/red. Some airports serving largeaircraft have three-bar VASIs which provide twovisual glide paths to the same runway.h. Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)− Anairport lighting facility, similar to VASI, providingvertical approach slope guidance to aircraft duringapproach to landing. PAPIs consist of a single row ofeither two or four lights, normally installed on the leftside of the runway, and have an effective visual rangeof about 5 miles during the day and up to 20 miles atnight. PAPIs radiate a directional pattern of highintensity red and white focused light beams whichindicate that the pilot is “on path” if the pilot sees anequal number of white lights and red lights, withwhite to the left of the red; “above path” if the pilotsees more white than red lights; and “below path” ifthe pilot sees more red than white lights.i. Boundary Lights− Lights defining the perimeterof an airport or landing area.(Refer to AIM.)AIRPORT MARKING AIDS− Markings used onrunway and taxiway surfaces to identify a specificrunway, a runway threshold, a centerline, a hold line,etc. A runway should be marked in accordance withits present usage such as:a. Visual.b. Nonprecision instrument.c. Precision instrument.(Refer to AIM.)AIRPORT MOVEMENT AREA SAFETY SYS-TEM (AMASS)− A software enhancement to ASDEradar which provides logic predicting the path ofaircraft landing and/or departing, and aircraft and/orvehicular movements on runways. Visual and auralalarms are activated when logic projects a potentialcollision.AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP)− Theapproximate geometric center of all usable runwaysurfaces.AIRPORT RESERVATION OFFICE− Office responsiblefor monitoring the operation of the highdensity rule. Receives and processes requests for IFRoperations at high density traffic airports.AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON− A visual NA-VAID operated at many airports. At civil airports,alternating white and green flashes indicate thelocation of the airport. At military airports, thebeacons flash alternately white and green, but aredifferentiated from civil beacons by dualpeaked (twoquick) white flashes between the green flashes.(See INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES.)(See SPECIAL VFR OPERATIONS.)(See ICAO term AERODROME BEACON.)(Refer to AIM.)AIRPORT SURFACE DETECTION EQUIP-MENT− Radar equipment specifically designed todetect all principal features on the surface of anairport, including aircraft and vehicular traffic, and topresent the entire image on a radar indicator consolein the control tower. Used to augment visual observationby tower personnel of aircraft and/or vehicularmovements on runways and taxiways.AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR− Approachcontrol radar used to detect and display an aircraft’sPCG A−8