Order 7110.65P, Air Traffic Control, with changes

Pilot/Controller Glossary 8/5/04b. OMEGA/VLF, although two separate systems,can be considered as one operationally. A long-rangenavigation system based upon Very Low Frequencyradio signals transmitted from a total of 17 stationsworldwide.c. Inertial (INS) systems, which are totally selfcontainedand require no information from externalreferences. They provide aircraft position and navigationinformation in response to signals resultingfrom inertial effects on components within thesystem.d. MLS Area Navigation (MLS/RNAV), whichprovides area navigation with reference to an MLSground facility.e. LORAN-C is a long-range radio navigationsystem that uses ground waves transmitted at lowfrequency to provide user position information atranges of up to 600 to 1,200 nautical miles at both enroute and approach altitudes. The usable signalcoverage areas are determined by the signal-to-noiseratio, the envelope-to-cycle difference, and thegeometric relationship between the positions of theuser and the transmitting stations.f. GPS is a space-base radio positioning, navigation,and time-transfer system. The system provideshighly accurate position and velocity information,and precise time, on a continuous global basis, to anunlimited number of properly equipped users. Thesystem is unaffected by weather, and provides aworldwide common grid reference system.(See ICAO term AREA NAVIGATION.)AREA NAVIGATION [ICAO]− A method of navigationwhich permits aircraft operation on any desiredflight path within the coverage of station-referencednavigation aids or within the limits of the capabilityof self-contained aids, or a combination of these.AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) APPROACH CON-FIGURATION:a. STANDARD T− An RNAV approach whosedesign allows direct flight to any one of three initialapproach fixes (IAF) and eliminates the need forprocedure turns. The standard design is to align theprocedure on the extended centerline with the missedapproach point (MAP) at the runway threshold, thefinal approach fix (FAF), and the initial approach/intermediatefix (IAF/IF). The other two IAFs will beestablished perpendicular to the IF.b. MODIFIED T− An RNAV approach design forsingle or multiple runways where terrain or operationalconstraints do not allow for the standard T. The“T” may be modified by increasing or decreasing theangle from the corner IAF(s) to the IF or byeliminating one or both corner IAFs.c. STANDARD I− An RNAV approach design fora single runway with both corner IAFs eliminated.Course reversal or radar vectoring may be required atbusy terminals with multiple runways.d. TERMINAL ARRIVAL AREA (TAA)− TheTAA is controlled airspace established in conjunctionwith the Standard or Modified T and I RNAVapproach configurations. In the standard TAA, thereare three areas: straight-in, left base, and right base.The arc boundaries of the three areas of the TAA arepublished portions of the approach and allow aircraftto transition from the en route structure direct to thenearest IAF. TAAs will also eliminate or reducefeeder routes, departure extensions, and procedureturns or course reversal.1. STRAIGHT-IN AREA− A 30NM arc centeredon the IF bounded by a straight line extendingthrough the IF perpendicular to the intermediatecourse.2. LEFT BASE AREA− A 30NM arc centeredon the right corner IAF. The area shares a boundarywith the straight-in area except that it extends out for30NM from the IAF and is bounded on the other sideby a line extending from the IF through the FAF to thearc.3. RIGHT BASE AREA− A 30NM arc centeredon the left corner IAF. The area shares a boundarywith the straight-in area except that it extends out for30NM from the IAF and is bounded on the other sideby a line extending from the IF through the FAF to thearc.ARINC− An acronym for Aeronautical Radio, Inc.,a corporation largely owned by a group of airlines.ARINC is licensed by the FCC as an aeronauticalstation and contracted by the FAA to providecommunications support for air traffic control andmeteorological services in portions of internationalairspace.ARMY AVIATION FLIGHT INFORMATIONBULLETIN− A bulletin that provides air operationdata covering Army, National Guard, and ArmyReserve aviation activities.PCG A−12