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llibre de resums - Congrés de la Societat Catalana d'Anestesiologia ...

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VI CONGRÉS DE LA SCARTD<br />

Es imprescindible <strong>la</strong> colocación <strong>de</strong> un campo estéril <strong>de</strong> trabajo. Se necesita<br />

cubrir con una funda <strong>de</strong> plástico o látex tanto el transductor como el<br />

cable.<br />

En el caso <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> vena subc<strong>la</strong>via, <strong>la</strong> presencia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> c<strong>la</strong>vícu<strong>la</strong> limita el acceso<br />

con US. Es más sencil<strong>la</strong> una canalización <strong>la</strong>teral, <strong>de</strong> vasos axi<strong>la</strong>res, con<br />

<strong>la</strong>s ventajas <strong>de</strong> reducir el riesgo <strong>de</strong> punción pleural y arterial dada <strong>la</strong> mayor<br />

separación <strong>de</strong> los vasos; 21, 22 aunque no es <strong>de</strong>scartable el riesgo <strong>de</strong> daño<br />

neurológico transitorio 1%, dada <strong>la</strong> cercanía <strong>de</strong>l plexo. 22<br />

Las venas ante cubitales son una buena opción en el caso <strong>de</strong> no po<strong>de</strong>r canalizar<br />

otras vías. Sandhu y Sidhu, 23 recomiendan su visualización primero en<br />

transversal y su canalización con una visión longitudinal <strong>de</strong>l vaso, para evitar<br />

mal posiciones.<br />

La canalización <strong>de</strong> los vasos femorales es uno <strong>de</strong> los accesos más frecuentemente<br />

empleados. Hughes y col. 24 recomiendan <strong>la</strong> canalización tanto<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> vena como <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> arteria lo más cercano al ligamento inguinal como sea<br />

posible.<br />

La mayor parte <strong>de</strong> estudios se han realizado con vías centrales más que<br />

con accesos arteriales, pero todas <strong>la</strong>s ventajas respecto a <strong>la</strong> canalización venosa<br />

son aplicables. Levin y col. realizaron un estudio <strong>de</strong> cateterización <strong>de</strong> arteria<br />

radial, 25 en el que indican su facilidad y un aumento <strong>de</strong>l número <strong>de</strong> éxitos<br />

en <strong>la</strong> canalización al primer intento, aunque el tiempo <strong>de</strong> realización fue<br />

mayor.<br />

Conclusión<br />

La utilización <strong>de</strong> US para <strong>la</strong> canalización vascu<strong>la</strong>r acorta el tiempo <strong>de</strong> procedimiento,<br />

reduce el número <strong>de</strong> fallos y minimiza <strong>la</strong>s complicaciones.<br />

Pese a esto su empleo sigue siendo limitado incluso entre anestesiólogos<br />

cardiovascu<strong>la</strong>res 26, siendo utilizado frecuentemente como técnica <strong>de</strong> “rescate”<br />

tras haber fal<strong>la</strong>do.<br />

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